Sedimentary facies and environments of the sedimentary fill of Southern Bida Basin, Nigeria

Ozulu, George Uchebike; Okoro, A.U.; Onuigbo, Evangeline Njideka

doi:10.4314/gjgs.v19i1.5

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The succession is capped by lateritic ironstone which acts as a cover (Figures 10 and 11). Figure 13: Aseni lithologic log, illustrating a thick section of cycles featuring fining upwards siltstonesclaystone sequence (Ozulu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Results and Discussion O U T C R O P S A N D L I T H O S T R...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2) the massive, brownish claystone unit at the Agbaja road section; and (3) the shale-claystone heterolithic unit at the Ahoko section (Ozulu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Patti Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, the annotations employed by Ozulu et al (2021) for various lithologic facies of sedimentary fills in the basin's studied sections have been utilized. The geologic map was produced by juxtaposing and combining the topographic maps regarding Lokoja NW and Koton-Karfe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 10: The outcrop section in Ahoko 1 displaying shale, siltstone, and claystone heteroliths(Ozulu et al, 2021).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revised stratigraphic sequence and type sections of the Southern Bida Basin, Nigeria

Ozulu,

Aigbadon,

Okoro

et al. 2023

ijs

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A reassessment of the stratigraphy of the Southern Bida Basin has been attempted among various disagreements. For this work, field geological mapping and stratigraphic descriptions of exposed lithologic types on outcrop sections were used. Section-by-section descriptions of important outcrops based on field observations aided in identifying lithologic units and delineating the boundaries of the sub-basin's three formations (Lokoja, Ahoko, and Agbaja). The type sections for formations in the sub-basin were not properly erected, so Jones (1958) type section has been supplemented by a more comprehensive hypostratotype, and the name Patti Formation, which is considered a misnomer in this context, has been replaced with Ahoko Formation proposed by Rahaman et al. (2019). Ahoko village is the type locality. The Agbaja Plateau, where the Agbaja Formation is best exposed, has been presented as the lectostratotype for the formation, while the revised stratigraphic succession of the Lokoja region shows the Lokoja Formation directly encompassing the Paleozoic Basement terrain, with the Maastrichtian Agbaja and Ahoko Formations (former Patti) overlying it sequentially.

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Section: Results and Discussion O U T C R O P S A N D L I T H O S T R...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2) the massive, brownish claystone unit at the Agbaja road section; and (3) the shale-claystone heterolithic unit at the Ahoko section (Ozulu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Patti Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 10: The outcrop section in Ahoko 1 displaying shale, siltstone, and claystone heteroliths(Ozulu et al, 2021).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revised stratigraphic sequence and type sections of the Southern Bida Basin, Nigeria

Ozulu,

Aigbadon,

Okoro

et al. 2023

ijs

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Application of Markov Chain Stochastic Model to Lithofacies Analysis: A Case Study of Outcropping Rocks of the Lokoja Formation - Southern Bida Basin, Nigeria

Ozulu, G.U.,

Aigbadon, G.O.,

Igbinigie, N.S.

2024

NJPAS

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Over the years, the interpretation of the stratigraphic order or sequence of sedimentation in the Southern Bida Basin has been qualitative. More often than not, the precision of interpretation has been adjudged subjective. A more precise method used to predict the probability of the process of sedimentation, determine its cyclicity or otherwise, and ensure objective interpretation is the Markov Chain Stochastic Process. The distinct lithofacies from outcropping rocks of the Lokoja Formation, Southern Bida Basin Nigeria, were statistically analysed using the Markov Chain Stochastic Process to ascertain the degree of order. This is the first time such a model will be used in the southern region of Nigeria's Bida Basin. This made it easier to assess the basin's lithostratigraphic sequence's cyclicity. Based on the transition patterns of lithofacies, the Difference Matrix (DM) was computed, and the resultant X2 value - {Σ (DM) 2/ (ITM)} indicated that X2 = 54.27. The formula DF (N-1)2 = (N-1)2 = X was used to calculate the total of degrees of freedom (DF). Here, (X) 0 = Y and N = sum total of lithofacies in the Independent Transition Matrix (ITN) with non-zero entries (N = 7). DF = (7-1)2 = 62 = 36օ (N-1)2. When contrasted with the Chi-Square table, it was found that the value was above the X2 limiting value at a 95% confidence interval, or (X2.0.95) at 34օ degrees of freedom = 48.00 and 38օ degrees of freedom = 53.38. Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected, as the sedimentation process leading to the lithofacies transition pattern was considered a Markovian product with a “memory function." The precision of this result proved that the lithostratigraphic sequence is an ordered cyclic event.

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Sedimentary facies and environments of the sedimentary fill of Southern Bida Basin, Nigeria

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Revised stratigraphic sequence and type sections of the Southern Bida Basin, Nigeria

Revised stratigraphic sequence and type sections of the Southern Bida Basin, Nigeria

Application of Markov Chain Stochastic Model to Lithofacies Analysis: A Case Study of Outcropping Rocks of the Lokoja Formation - Southern Bida Basin, Nigeria

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