Sedimentary facies of the upper Cambrian (Furongian; Jiangshanian and Sunwaptan) Tunnel City Group, Upper Mississippi Valley: New insight on the old stormy debate

Eoff, Jennifer D.

doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2013.09.008

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The result is a hybrid tide‐dominated depositional system heavily influenced by storms and also a mixed carbonate–siliciclastic system developed on an extremely low‐gradient epicratonic shelf that does not easily classify into end‐member depositional models (Dalrymple, 2010; Plint, 2010; Pratt, 2010). Evidence of both tidal and wave influence is well documented from Cambrian epicratonic strata despite debate on the extent of wave and tidal currents in vast epicratonic seas (Klein and Ryer, 1978; Driese et al , 1981; Byers and Dott, 1995; Tape et al , 2003; Allison and Wells, 2006; Eoff, 2014; MacNaughton et al , 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cambrian–Ordovician strata of the Great American Carbonate Bank (GACB) are important for evaluating the controls on mixed carbonate–siliciclastic depositional systems in epicratonic seas (Cowan and James, 1993; Spencer and Demicco, 2002; Morgan, 2012; Runkel et al , 2012; Labaj and Pratt, 2016), the role of tides, storms and other hydrodynamic currents such as gravity flows and tsunamis on shelf sedimentation (Pratt, 2002; Tape et al , 2003; Myrow et al , 2004; Eoff, 2014; MacNaughton et al , 2019), and mechanisms impacting the record of high‐frequency stratigraphic cyclicity (Demicco, 1985; Koerschner and Read, 1989; Goldhammer et al , 1993; Cowan and James, 1996; Lehrmann and Goldhammer, 1999; Runkel et al , 2007, 2008). However, previous studies have focussed on geographic areas other than central Texas, and there is a need for quantitative analysis of sediment composition and spatial mixing of carbonate and siliciclastics during deposition and the levels of order vs. randomness in cyclicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controls on microbial and oolitic carbonate sedimentation and stratigraphic cyclicity within a mixed carbonate‐siliciclastic system: Upper Cambrian Wilberns Formation, Llano Uplift, Mason County, Texas, USA

Lehrmann

Droxler

Harris

et al. 2020

The Depositional Record

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The upper Cambrian Wilberns Formation in central Texas records deposition on a low-gradient shelf within a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic tidal-flat system that changes offshore to subtidal shelf and open-marine oolitic skeletal shoals with large microbial mounds. Siliciclastic sediment is interpreted to have been delivered to the tidal flat by aeolian processes because of the narrow range in grain size and paucity of clay. Tidal influence is dominant as evidenced by reversing currents and desiccation on the tidal flat, and megaripples with reversing current indicators in offshore shoals. Intraclastic conglomerates were deposited in broad channels on the tidal flats during storm surges. Microbialite deposition is interpreted to be controlled by accommodation favouring amalgamated thin biostromes developed in the tidal flat vs. larger mounds with greater synoptic relief in the offshore, and current energy resulting in preferential elongation of offshore mounds in a NE-SW orientation. Intertidal mounds and biostromes grew in the presence of significant siliciclastic flux and trapped it within their structure, whereas offshore large buildups incorporated little siliciclastic component. Oolite and skeletal grainstone formed in tide agitated shoals associated with large subtidal microbial mounds. Storms extensively recycled and redistributed skeletal and oolitic sands from the offshore shoals across the shelf as thin sand sheets. Spatial mixing of siliciclastic and carbonate sediment occurred across the tidal flat and shelf. Low-frequency and intermediate-frequency stratigraphic cycles were driven by shifts in the shoreline and changes in rate of siliciclastic flux in response to relative sea-level fluctuation. Random facies stacking and the lack of metre-scale cyclicity are interpreted to reflect stratigraphic incompleteness and an episodic signal introduced by storms.K E Y W O R D S Cambrian, carbonate, Laurentia, microbialite, oolite, siliciclastic 278 | LEHRMANN Et AL.microbialites, oolites and other deposits such as flat-pebble conglomerates, and the controls on cyclicity, in the Wilberns Formation through evaluation of the environmental constraints provided by sedimentary structures and sediment composition in detailed stratigraphic sections of a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controls on microbial and oolitic carbonate sedimentation and stratigraphic cyclicity within a mixed carbonate‐siliciclastic system: Upper Cambrian Wilberns Formation, Llano Uplift, Mason County, Texas, USA

Lehrmann

Droxler

Harris

et al. 2020

The Depositional Record

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show abstract

“…Many previous carbonate sedimentary models have been built (Flügel, ; Read, ; Schlager, ; Tucker & Wright, ), and this type of mixed deposition of carbonates and siliciclastic sediments is worldwide distributed in the Paleozoic sequences (Kreisa, ; Markello & Read, ; Elrick & Read, ; Eoff, ). However, previous models differed from each other with specific regime.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary microfacies and organic geochemical characterization of mudstones in the Keluke Formation in northeastern Qaidam, China

Liu

Zhong

et al. 2017

Geological Journal

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During the Early Carboniferous, the northeastern Qaidam Basin probably formed in an active continental margin setting. Due to marine regression after the late Early Carboniferous, the marginal shelf began to receive more terrestrial clastic sediments, and alternating occurrence of carbonates and siliciclastics characterized this region. Consequently, shales or mudstones with considerable thickness were deposited in the Upper Carboniferous, especially in the Keluke Formation. In order to illuminate a more accurate sedimentary environment of shales and further evaluate the shale gas potential, multidisciplinary traditional methods were conducted including rock core examinations and laboratory analysis. Results reveal that the sedimentary microfacies of shales in the Keluke Formation can be divided into the upper shoreface, the lower shoreface, and the upper to transition offshore. These microfacies developed on a homoclinal carbonate ramp with a gentle slope. The thickest succession of mudstone develops in the lower shoreface, which is a counterpart with the lagoonal setting of a stationary hydraulic system. The quartz content of shale samples ranges from 30% to 66% and clay minerals from 24% to 43% by bulk compositional analysis, which indicates the content of brittle minerals and shales fissility to some extent. The total organic carbon content ranges from 0.5% to 7.6% by weight, with an average value of 2.69% in ZK1‐1 and 1.11% in ZK3‐2, indicating abundant organic matter richness. The kerogen is mainly of type II, which indicates that source for the organic matter is a mixture of higher terrestrial plants and acquatic organisms. The vitrinite reflectance ranges from 1.22% to 1.55%, indicating a moderate to high thermal maturity. Three types of pores are recognized in the shales, including organic pores, intrapartical pores, and interparticle pores. The significance of this work emphasizes two aspects. First, it gives a more detailed classification of sedimentary environment of the mudstone succession; second, it acquires the preliminary subsurface data regarding to the shale gas potential evaluation.

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“…7g-i). In previous studies, described infilled sequences and internal sedimentary facies of incised valleys have differed because of their different locations (Li and Zhang 1996;Ferguson and Davis Jr. 2003;Rossetti and Santos Jr. 2004;Lin et al 2005a, b;Breda et al 2007;Yang et al 2010;Ielpi 2012;Eoff 2014). However, certain interpretations have been agreed upon.…”

Section: Sedimentary Characteristics Of the Lmvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence architecture and sedimentary characteristics of a Middle Jurassic incised valley, western Sichuan depression, China

Liu

Yin

et al. 2018

Pet. Sci.

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The Middle Jurassic Shaximiao Formation encompasses tens of meters of thick lowstand meandering valley (LMV) strata in the western Sichuan foreland basin. Ancient LMVs newly discovered in this area were further studied based on sequence stratigraphy and seismic sedimentology. The aim of the present study was to investigate the sedimentary characteristics, sequence architecture, and the controls on LMV deposition in this tectonically active basin using field survey data, seismic sections, seismic amplitude imaging, core description, and comprehensive application of drilling data. The results show the following: (1) Three regional sequence boundaries and two flooding surfaces were recognized, and the Shaximiao Formation was divided into two-third-order sequences and four systems tracts. (2) Three sedimentary facies associations were identified: incised valley-fill, tributary channel, and overbank facies. Incised valleys are 5-17 km wide, 20-60 m deep and traceable for 120 km along their axes. (3) In the downstream segment, the role of tectonism gradually diminishes, and periodic base-level changes control the form and evolution of the incised valleys. Three types of LMVs-A1, A2, and A3-developed with changes in base level (lake level); of these types, the base level of the A3 LMV was likely the lowest.

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Sedimentary facies of the upper Cambrian (Furongian; Jiangshanian and Sunwaptan) Tunnel City Group, Upper Mississippi Valley: New insight on the old stormy debate

Cited by 16 publications

References 56 publications

Controls on microbial and oolitic carbonate sedimentation and stratigraphic cyclicity within a mixed carbonate‐siliciclastic system: Upper Cambrian Wilberns Formation, Llano Uplift, Mason County, Texas, USA

Controls on microbial and oolitic carbonate sedimentation and stratigraphic cyclicity within a mixed carbonate‐siliciclastic system: Upper Cambrian Wilberns Formation, Llano Uplift, Mason County, Texas, USA

Sedimentary microfacies and organic geochemical characterization of mudstones in the Keluke Formation in northeastern Qaidam, China

Sequence architecture and sedimentary characteristics of a Middle Jurassic incised valley, western Sichuan depression, China

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