Sedimentary, geochemical and hydrological history of Lake Kinneret during the past 28,000 years

Lev, Lilach; Stein, Mordechai; Ito, Emi; Fruchter, Noa; Ben‐Avraham, Zvi; Almogi‐Labin, Ahuva

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.02.015

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Freytet & Verrecchia, ). Crystallization of primary calcite was apparently modulated by phytoplankton blooms, which caused a pH and alkalinity increase in the photic zone, similar to the formation of primary calcite in the modern freshwater Sea of Galilee (Katz & Nishri, 201 3 ; Nishri & Stiller, ; Fruchter et al ., ; Lev et al ., ). The algae bloom in the Sea of Galilee occurs due to elevated nutrient supply into the lake during times of intensified freshwater input.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The algae bloom in the Sea of Galilee occurs due to elevated nutrient supply into the lake during times of intensified freshwater input. The relatively narrow range of δ 18 O values in the studied limestones, between ~−4‰ and −2‰ (Figs and ), is very similar to the late Holocene carbonates and modern authigenic calcite from the Sea of Galilee (Stiller, ; Dubowski et al ., ; Lev et al ., , ). The measured δ 13 C of the limestones ranged within the typical values of freshwater carbonates (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation of lacustrine dolomite in the late Miocene marginal lakes of the East Mediterranean (Northern Israel)

et al. 2019

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The study focuses on the formation of lacustrine dolomite in late Miocene lakes, located at the East Mediterranean margins (Northern Israel). These lakes deposited the sediments of the Bira (Tortonian) and Gesher (Messinian) formations that comprise sequences of dolostone and limestone. Dolostones are bedded, consist of small-sized (<7 lm), Ca-rich (52 to 56 mol %) crystals with relatively low ordering degrees, and present evidence for replacement of CaCO 3 components. Limestones are comprised of a wackestone to mudstone matrix, freshwater macrofossils and intraclasts (mainly in the Bira Formation). Sodium concentrations and isotope compositions differ between limestones and dolostones: Na =~100 to 150 ppm;~1000 to 2000 ppm; d 18 O = À3Á8 to À1Á6&; À2Á0 to +4Á3&; d 13 C = À9Á0 to À3Á4&; À7Á8 to 0& (VPDB), respectively. These results indicate a climate-related sedimentation during the Tortonian and early Messinian. Wet conditions and positive freshwater inflow into the carbonate lake led to calcite precipitation due to intense phytoplankton blooms (limestone formation). Dry conditions and enhanced evaporation led to precipitation of evaporitic CaCO 3 in a terminal lake, which caused an increased Mg/Ca ratio in the residual waters and penecontemporaneous dolomitization (dolostone formation). The alternating lithofacies pattern reveals eleven short-term wet-dry climate-cycles during the Tortonian and early Messinian. A shift in the environmental conditions under which dolomite formed is indicated by a temporal decrease in d 18 O of dolostones and Na content of dolomite crystals. These variations point to decreasing evaporation degrees and/or an increased mixing with meteoric waters towards the late Messinian. A temporal decrease in d 13 C of dolostones and limestones and appearance of microbial structures in close association with dolomite suggest that microbial activity had an important role in allowing dolomite formation during the Messinian. Microbial mediation was apparently the main process that enabled local growth of dolomite under wet conditions during the latest Messinian.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of lacustrine dolomite in the late Miocene marginal lakes of the East Mediterranean (Northern Israel)

et al. 2019

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“…The area is also characterized by significant hydrological changes. While level changes of the Dead Sea have been intensively investigated 24 – 33 , there is a paucity of data relating to Sea of Galilee level fluctuations and their underlying causes—geologic, climatic or anthropogenic—during the Late-Holocene 34 – 36 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 , 30 , 31 . For the Sea of Galilee, a lake level reconstruction has been proposed for the past 40,000 years 36 . The authors demonstrated that the Sea of Galilee level stabilized for long periods of time around -212 m msl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using archaeological data for the understanding of Late-Holocene Sea of Galilee’s level fluctuations

Giaime

Artzy

2022

Sci Rep

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In the Jordan Valley, reconstructed changes of the Sea of Galilee level have shown sharp fluctuations of the water elevation during the Holocene. In this paper, we provide new data originating from the excavations of Kursi Beach archaeological site located on the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee and compare them with other data gathered from the archaeological site of Magdala, located on its western shore. Our data yield to constrain Sea of Galilee level changes between the Iron Age II (10th–9th centuries BCE) and the Crusader period (11th–12th centuries CE), a period of high interest for the archaeological community. We demonstrate that water level was around -212 to -210 m mean sea level (msl) for the Iron Age II period. Lake level rose to -208/-209 m msl during the Late Hellenistic/Early Roman period. Water level remained low (<-213/-214 m msl) from the Byzantine to the Crusader period (from 5th to 12th centuries CE). Our data provide new knowledge for the understanding of variations in the Sea of Galilee level in antiquity. We highlight that water level fluctuations must have been key factors taken into account in the habitation pattern.

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Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Jordan River Dureijat archeological site reveal subtle late Pleistocene water-level changes at Lake Hula, Jordan Valley, Israel

Bunin,

Zhang,

Sharon

et al. 2023

J Paleolimnol

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Sedimentary records of environmental conditions retrieved from archeological sites provide valuable insight into the milieux of ancient humans and context to understand societal and cultural changes. At Jordan River Dureijat, an open-air site in Israel’s Hula Valley documenting the entire Epipaleolithic period as well as the Early Neolithic, sediments exposed on the walls of the excavation pit reveal a sequence of lacustrine deposits accumulated continuously between c. 21.1 and 11.3 cal ka BP near the southeast margin of Paleolake Hula. Through sediment-grain-size, geochemical, and paleontological analyses, we describe the nature of the Paleolake Hula from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the start of the Holocene. Until c. 17.2 cal ka BP, Paleolake Hula existed as a relatively large and well-buffered waterbody. A rapid and substantial drawdown of the lake occurred at 17.2 cal ka BP, followed by more frequent changes in the position of the shoreline in a smaller and shallower lake, resulting in the deposition of alternating near-shore and deeper lacustrine facies. Since the LGM, seven beds of structureless, silty sediments preserve archeological artifacts belonging to three Epipaleolithic cultures as well as the Early Neolithic pre-pottery Neolithic A culture. These sediments were deposited during phases of low lake level during which times humans waded into the shallow part of the lake, leaving behind stone and bone tools such as bladelets, lunates and burins, fishing hooks, line weights and net sinkers. Using radiocarbon-dated charcoal and a Bayesian statistical model, we produced a chronostratigraphic model for the archeological site, which enables the comparison of proxy paleoclimate records produced from this site’s sediments with regional archives as well as with global trends and changes in the Northern Hemisphere climate. Periods of low lake stands are correlated with the end of the LGM, Heinrich Event 1, and the beginning of the Younger Dryas Stadial. High water stands occurred contemporaneously with the peak of the LGM and during the Bølling–Allerød interstadial. This new water-level record from Lake Hula confirms that lake-level changes here broadly paralleled those of the Dead Sea and Sea of Galilee during the late Pleistocene, highlighting the importance of northern water sources to the overall water balance of the lakes along the Dead Sea Transform.

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Sedimentary, geochemical and hydrological history of Lake Kinneret during the past 28,000 years

Cited by 15 publications

References 50 publications

Formation of lacustrine dolomite in the late Miocene marginal lakes of the East Mediterranean (Northern Israel)

Formation of lacustrine dolomite in the late Miocene marginal lakes of the East Mediterranean (Northern Israel)

Using archaeological data for the understanding of Late-Holocene Sea of Galilee’s level fluctuations

Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Jordan River Dureijat archeological site reveal subtle late Pleistocene water-level changes at Lake Hula, Jordan Valley, Israel

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