Sedimentary geology of the Columbia River Estuary

Sherwood, Christopher R.; Creager, Joe S.

doi:10.1016/0079-6611(90)90003-k

Cited by 66 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…These conditions, therefore, likely encouraged interpretations that the lower estuary serves as a net sink for littoral sand entering the river mouth in deep channels (Walter, 1980;Sherwood & Creager, 1990). However, long-term declines in sedimentation rates from mid-Holocene to late-Holocene time in the lower Columbia River valley (Peterson et al, 2013) demonstrate substantial bypassing of river sand (about 5 million cubic meters per year) to the Pacific Ocean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Holocene Geomorphology of the Columbia River Estuary, Oregon and Washington, USA

Peterson¹,

Vanderburgh²,

Roberts³

2014

JGG

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Abundant river sediment supply and an open-water central bay area characterize the geomorphology of the large Columbia River estuary (~ 100 km in length). Lateral floodplains and marsh islands do constrict the uppermost reaches of the estuary, but the central axes of the lower estuary are dominated by shallow sand shoals (0-4 m water depth). A total of 58 vibracores are used to document the grain size and age (0-2,50014 CyrBP) of late Holocene deposits in the estuary. Sedimentation rates in stable floodplains (1.1 m ka -1 ) reflect rates of relative sea level rise (0.75 m ka -1 ). Sedimentation rates of muddy sand accretionary banks and prehistoric sand shoals (1.5-7 m ka -1 ) greatly exceed coeval rates of sea level rise, so they must represent short-term rates of vertical accretion resulting from channel lateral migration and associated cut and fill processes. The apparent paradox of unfilled accommodation space in the estuary is resolved by 1) winter wind-wave erosion of sand shoals to -3 m NAVD88 elevation and 2) asymmetric fluvial-tidal advection that results in net seaward transport of bed load in shallow tidal channels (> -10 m NAVD88) and shallow subtidal shoals (> -4 m NAVD88) during spring river flooding.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The submerged incised river valley is abundantly supplied with river sediment (10-15 million tons per year) (Sherwood & Creager, 1990). The river mouth lacks a delta and the shallow estuary has not completely in-filled with tidal marshes or floodplains (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Holocene Geomorphology of the Columbia River Estuary, Oregon and Washington, USA

Peterson¹,

Vanderburgh²,

Roberts³

2014

JGG

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“…River flow is controlled by climate variation and anthropogenic effects such as water storage, irrigation withdrawals, and flood control/flow regulation (McComas et al 2007). The annual discharge for the Columbia River ranges from a low of 2,970 m 3 /s during late summer and fall to a high of 17,000 m 3 /s during the spring freshet period (Sherwood and Greagar 1990). Under post dam flow conditions, annual sediment discharge is about 7.6 x 106 mt 3 /y, about 45% of which is sand ).…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migratory Behavior and Survival of Juvenile Salmonids in the Lower Columbia River and Estuary in 2009

McMichael¹,

Harnish²,

Bellgraph³

et al. 2010

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The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Portland District places a high priority on increasing the understanding of the migratory behavior and survival of juvenile salmonids emigrating through the lower 235 km of the Columbia River and estuary. This understanding is critical to determining the effects of the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) on the 'post-hydrosystem' performance of these populations. Increased survival rates through the FCRPS and through the estuary are necessary to meet recovery goals set forth in the 2008 Biological Opinion (BiOp) on FCRPS operations. The goal of the study reported herein is to provide information regarding the migratory behavior and survival data from juvenile salmonids passing through the lower Columbia River and estuary between Bonneville Dam and the Pacific Ocean. The study was conducted by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory using the Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS). The Portland District of the USACE and regional fisheries managers will use the information to manage the configuration and operation of the FCRPS and to evaluate management actions such as estuary habitat restoration and avian predation management to maximize survival rates of juvenile salmonids. ObjectivesIn this report we present estimated survival of acoustic-tagged juvenile yearling Chinook salmon (CH1), steelhead (STH), and subyearling Chinook salmon (CH0) downstream of Bonneville Dam as they migrated seaward through the Columbia River and its estuary. This study also provides, for the first time, estimates of survival through the lower 192 km of the Columbia River and estuary for groups of fish with known passage routes at John Day and Bonneville dams. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the survival of yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon and steelhead through multiple reaches of the Columbia River between Bonneville Dam and the Pacific Ocean. Other objectives were to, 1) compare the effects of FCPRS passage history on mortality of juvenile salmonids in the lower 192 km of the Columbia River and estuary, and 2) monitor and map migration pathway and habitat associations and behaviors relative to these pathways to support habitat restoration activities. MethodsThis study took advantage of JSATS-tagged fish collected and tagged at John Day Dam and released into the reservoir 41 km upstream of John Day Dam (near Roosevelt, WA at river kilometer (rkm) 388) during the spring and summer of 2009 for another Portland District project; "Studies of Surface Spill at John Day Dam" study (SPE-P-08-03). All study fish were double tagged with a 0.43 g JSATS acoustic transmitter and a passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag. The study area included the Columbia River and estuary between Bonneville Dam (rkm 235) and the mouth of the Columbia River (rkm 2.8). Autonomous acoustic receivers were deployed at 104 locations between the forebay of Bonneville Dam (rkm 236) and rkm 2.8 between 27 April and 17 August 2009. Receivers were recovered, tested, and redeployed eve...

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“…The tidal range in the estuary is relatively large at 3.6 m and affects water levels throughout the entire lower reach to Bonneville Dam (river kilometer [rkm] 235) (Neal 1972;Sherwood and Creager 1990). While tidal influence extends to Bonneville Dam, the extent of saltwater intrusion, or the boundary of the estuarine area, is approximately 20 km to 40 km depending on seasonal flows .…”

Section: A3 Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The LCRE is a drowned-river valley characterized by mixed semi-diurnal tides and has been classified as meso-tidal (Sherwood and Creager 1990). Historically, unregulated flows were estimated to range from a minimum of 2,237 m 3 /s (79,000 cfs) in the fall to maximum flood flows of over 28,317 m 3…”

Section: A3 Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Cumulative Ecosystem Response to Restoration Projects in the Lower Columbia River and Estuary, 2009

Johnson¹,

Diefenderfer²,

Borde³

et al. 2010

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Final Annual Report, 2009 iii Executive SummaryThis is the sixth annual report of a 7-year project (2004 through 2010) to evaluate the cumulative effects of habitat restoration actions in the lower Columbia River and estuary (LCRE). The project, called the Cumulative Effects Study, is being conducted for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Portland District (USACE) by the Marine Sciences Laboratory of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), the Pt. Adams Biological Field Station of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), the Columbia River Estuary Study Taskforce (CREST), and the University of Washington.The goal of the Cumulative Effects Study is to develop a methodology for evaluating the cumulative effects of multiple habitat restoration projects intended to benefit ecosystems supporting juvenile salmonids in the 235-km-long LCRE. Literature review in 2004 revealed no existing methods for such an evaluation and suggested that cumulative effects could be additive or synergistic. From 2005 through 2009, annual field research involved intensive, comparative studies paired by habitat type (tidal swamp versus marsh), trajectory (restoration versus reference site), and restoration action (tide-gate replacement vs. culvert replacement vs. dike breach).During 2009, the specific objectives for the Cumulative Effects Study were as follows:1. Support the cumulative effects assessment at pilot and estuary-wide scales through field work to document selected higher-order metrics, develop a time series, and expand the spatial and temporal diversity of sites for cumulative effects analysis, as follows:a. At Crims Island, Kandoll Farm, and Vera Slough restoration and reference sites, sample all core metrics.b. At selected historical breach and created sites, sample hydrology, morphology, vegetation, and fish abundance.c. Perform an intensive material-exchange study at the Kandoll Farm culvert over 48-hr periods during a spring-and a neap-tide series.2. Test estuary-wide the cumulative effects methodology developed in previous years, including geographic information system (GIS) assessments of wetted area, discrete hydrodynamic modeling, and meta-analyses of effectiveness data.The 2009 results may be summarized as follows:• Fish and Hydrography• -Large numbers of juvenile chum salmon were sampled in the tidal channels at the Kandoll Farm restoration site, implying the sampling covered the main outmigration. Juvenile Chinook salmon were present in the trap-net samples in low numbers, as in previous years. Coho salmon sampling included fry, subyearling, and yearling fishes. Marked fish from the Grays hatchery were captured at the Kandoll Farm.Vegetation-Elevation -Elevations are higher at the restoration site than at the reference sites at both Kandoll Farm and Vera Slough. At Crims Island, the elevations are the same between restoration and reference sites. As a corollary, accretions rates are higher at restoration sites than at reference sites. All tidal wetlands examined in this study exist within a 3-m vert...

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Sedimentary geology of the Columbia River Estuary

Cited by 66 publications

References 22 publications

Late Holocene Geomorphology of the Columbia River Estuary, Oregon and Washington, USA

Late Holocene Geomorphology of the Columbia River Estuary, Oregon and Washington, USA

Migratory Behavior and Survival of Juvenile Salmonids in the Lower Columbia River and Estuary in 2009

Evaluating Cumulative Ecosystem Response to Restoration Projects in the Lower Columbia River and Estuary, 2009

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