Sedimentary Mélanges and Fossil Mass-Transport Complexes: A Key for Better Understanding Submarine Mass Movements?

Pini, Gian Andrea; Ogata, Kei; Camerlenghi, Angelo; Festa, Andrea; Lucente, C. C.; Codegone, Giulia

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2162-3_52

Cited by 35 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The olistostromes described in this paper pertain to the Type 1 MTD of Pini et al (2012). They are classically characterized by (i) blocks dispersed in a muddy, brecciated matrix, (ii) a high content of clays of the matrix, (iii) a crude negative gradation of blocks, (iv) a faint iso-orientation of the blocks parallel to the basal surface, (v) a marked erosive base, and (vi) well defined shear zones at the base and inside the bodies.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These structures suggest a constriction-plus flattening-type (i.e. prolate plus oblate) strain ellipsoid, with a prevailing stretching along the direction of flow and a minor component of planar flattening (see Pini et al 2012). Simple and sub-simple shear structures are also present, with sigma-type deformation of elongated "soft" clasts, a scaly fabric, and S/C type structures (Fig.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the base of the MTC is always lens-shaped, with erosional surfaces and scars (see also Pini 1999;Pini et al 2012), suggesting a strong erosion of the substratum. The latter should not be compatible with a viscous laminar flow, as typical of cohesive debris flows.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, the elevated thickness of this kind of MTC and/or olistostromes may represent the stack of subsequent depositional events Pini et al 2012). As we documented before, the presence of an amalgamated pile of olistostromes and/or debris flows is evidenced by the presence of different (basal) shear zones inside the entire MTC, as also supported by the observed repetition of the inverse grading above each individual shear zone (Figs.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the internal structure of the deposits from mass transport (hereafter defined as mass-transport deposits, or MTDs, and mass-transport complexes, or MTCs when they consist of different superposed MTDs, see, e.g., Ogata et al 2012b) is commonly difficult to be deciphered in detail mainly because of the acoustic transparency and the small-scale of the related features (meters to tens of meters) that is below the standard seismic resolution. Detailed studies on exhumed analogues can than provide useful information on the small-scale internal geometry and on deformation mechanisms, which are complementary to those obtained through off-shore geophysical investigations and drilling (e.g., Lucente and Pini, 2003;Mienert 2004;Codegone et al 2012a;Ogata et al 2012aOgata et al , 2014Pini et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Oligocene–early Miocene olistostromes (sedimentary mélanges) as tectono-stratigraphic constraints to the geodynamic evolution of the exhumed Ligurian accretionary complex (Northern Apennines, NW Italy)

Festa

Ogata

Pini

et al. 2014

International Geology Review

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This is an author version of the contribution published on:Questa è la versione dell'autore dell'opera: Review, v. 57, no. 5-8, 540-562. Doi: 10.1080/00206814.2014. Festa et al. (2015) -International GeologyThe definitive version is available at:La versione definitiva è disponibile alla URL:http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tigr20 AbstractIn the Northern Apennines of Italy, mud-rich olistostromes (sedimentary mélanges) occur at different stratigraphic levels within late Oligocene -early Miocene sedimentary record of episutural/wedge-top basins. They are widely distributed along the exhumed outer part of the Ligurian accretionary complex, atop of the outer Apenninic prowedge, over an area of about 300 km long and 10-15 km wide. Olistostromes represent excellent examples of ancient submarine mass-transport complexes (MTCs), consisting of stacked cohesive debris flows that can be directly compared with some of those observed in modern accretionary wedges. We describe the internal arrangement of olistostrome occurrences in the sector between Voghera and the Monferrato, analyzing their relationships with mesoscale liquefaction features, which are commonly difficult to observe in modern MTCs. Slope failures occurred in isolated sectors along the wedge front, where out-of-sequence thrusting, seismicity and different pulses of overpressured tectonically-induced fluid flows acted concomitantly. Referring to the Northern Apennines regional geology, we also point out a gradual lateral rejuvenation (from late Oligocene to early Miocene) toward the SE and an increasing in size and thickness of the olistostromes along the strike of the frontal Apenninic prowedge. This suggests that morphological reshaping of the outer prowedge via mass transport processes balanced with different pulses in a short time span the SE-ward migration and segmentation of the accretionary processes. The latter have been probably favored by the occurrence in the northwestern part of the Northern Apennines of major, inherited paleogeographic features controlling the northward propagation of the prowedge. The detailed knowledge of olistostromes, as ancient examples of MTCs related to syn-sedimentary tectonics and shale diapirism, and of their lateral variations in term of age and size, provides useful information for better understanding both the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the Apenninic prowedge and the submarine slope failures in modern accretionary wedges.

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Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Oligocene–early Miocene olistostromes (sedimentary mélanges) as tectono-stratigraphic constraints to the geodynamic evolution of the exhumed Ligurian accretionary complex (Northern Apennines, NW Italy)

Festa

Ogata

Pini

et al. 2014

International Geology Review

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An evaporite‐bearing accretionary complex in the northern front of the Betic‐Rif orogen

et al. 2017

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The Guadalquivir Accretionary Complex forms a largely oblique prism at the northern edge of the Betic‐Rif orogen, where Miocene sediments plus allochthonous evaporite‐bearing units were accreted during the displacement of the Alborán Domain toward the west. Traditional interpretations end the tectonic structuring of the Betic Cordillera at the present topographic front, beyond which gravitational and/or diapiric processes would predominate. However, this study shows pervasive tectonic deformation in the outer prism with coherent oblique shortening kinematics, which is achieved through an alternation of roughly N‐S arcuate thrust systems connected by E‐W transfer fault zones. These structures accord well with the geophysical models that propose westward rollback subduction. The main stage of tectonic activity occurred in the early‐middle Miocene, but deformation lasted until the Quaternary with the same kinematics. Evaporite rocks played a leading role in the deformation as evidenced by the suite of ductile structures in gypsum distributed throughout the area. S‐ and L‐ gypsum tectonites, scaly clay fabrics, and brittle fabrics coexist and consistently indicate westward motion (top to 290°), with subordinate N‐S contraction almost perpendicular to the transfer zones. This work reveals ductile tectonic fabrics in gypsum as a valuable tool to elucidate the structure and deformational history of complex tectonic mélanges involving evaporites above the décollement level of accretionary wedges.

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Submarine Landslide Deposits in Orogenic Belts

Ogata

Festa

Pini

et al. 2019

Geophysical Monograph Series

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Sedimentary Mélanges and Fossil Mass-Transport Complexes: A Key for Better Understanding Submarine Mass Movements?

Cited by 35 publications

References 17 publications

Late Oligocene–early Miocene olistostromes (sedimentary mélanges) as tectono-stratigraphic constraints to the geodynamic evolution of the exhumed Ligurian accretionary complex (Northern Apennines, NW Italy)

Late Oligocene–early Miocene olistostromes (sedimentary mélanges) as tectono-stratigraphic constraints to the geodynamic evolution of the exhumed Ligurian accretionary complex (Northern Apennines, NW Italy)

An evaporite‐bearing accretionary complex in the northern front of the Betic‐Rif orogen

Submarine Landslide Deposits in Orogenic Belts

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