Sedimentary organic matter preservation: an assessment and speculative synthesis

Hedges, John I.; Keil, Richard G.

doi:10.1016/0304-4203(95)00008-f

Cited by 2,167 publications

(1,308 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…There is an order of magnitude spread in estimates of the organic carbon export from open ocean surface waters, from 0.3 to 2.3 Pmol C a −1 (Smith and Hollibaugh 1993;Sambrottto et al 1993;Ducklow 1995;Hedges and Keil 1995;Emerson et al 1997;Najjar and Keeling 2000;del Giorgio and Duarte 2002). This variance is attributable, as discussed below, to various degrees of underestimation of the dissolved but, mainly, particulate fluxes.…”

Section: Overall Rates Of Export Of Organic Carbon From the Photic Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless it is sufficient to support a large number (3.5 × 10 30 ) and high biomass (25 Pmol C) of prokaryotic cells in subsurface oceanic sediments (Whitman et al 1998) that appear to be metabolically active (D'Hondt et al 2002). The global organic carbon burial, recently estimated at 13 Tmol C a −1 (range 11-18 Tmol C a −1 ; Hedges and Keil 1995) represents only a fraction (4-9%) of global sedimentary mineralization (190 Tmol C a −1 , Jørgensen 1983; 220 Tmol C a −1 , Smith and Hollibaugh, 1993;140-260 Tmol C a −1 , Middelburg et al 1997; 210 Tmol C a −1 , Andersson et al 2004). This is often expressed in terms of the burial efficiency: that is, the organic carbon accumulation rate below the diagenetic active surface layer divided by the organic carbon delivery to sediment surface.…”

Section: Benthic Respiration In the Dark Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is often expressed in terms of the burial efficiency: that is, the organic carbon accumulation rate below the diagenetic active surface layer divided by the organic carbon delivery to sediment surface. Burial efficiencies are typically less than 1% and 10% for deep-sea and ocean slope sediments, respectively, but may be much higher for rapidly accumulating shallow-water sediments (Hedges and Keil 1995). Consequently, most organic carbon burial occurs in shallow sediments (>80-90%; Hedges and Keil 1995;Middelburg et al 1997).…”

Section: Benthic Respiration In the Dark Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Respiration in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones of the oceans

Arı́stegui¹,

Agustı́²,

Middelburg³

et al. 2005

Respiration in Aquatic Ecosystems

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OutlineIn this chapter the mechanisms of transport and remineralization of organic matter in the dark water-column and sediments of the oceans are reviewed. We compare the different approaches to estimate respiration rates, and discuss the discrepancies obtained by the different methodologies. Finally, a respiratory carbon budget is produced for the dark ocean, which includes vertical and lateral fluxes of organic matter. In spite of the uncertainties inherent in the different approaches to estimate carbon fluxes and oxygen consumption in the dark ocean, estimates vary only by a factor of 1.5. Overall, direct measurements of respiration, as well as indirect approaches, converge to suggest a total dark ocean respiration of 1.5-1.7 Pmol C a −1 . Carbon mass balances in the dark ocean suggest that the dark ocean receives 1.5-1.6 Pmol C a −1 , similar to the estimated respiration, of which >70% is in the form of sinking particles. Almost all the organic matter (∼92%) is remineralized in the water column, the burial in sediments accounts for <1%. Mesopelagic (150-1000 m) respiration accounts for ∼70% of dark ocean respiration, with average integrated rates of 3-4 mol C m −2 a −1 , 6-8 times greater than in the bathypelagic zone (∼0.5 mol C m −2 a −1 ). The results presented here renders respiration in the dark ocean a major component of the carbon flux in the biosphere, and should promote research in the dark ocean, with the aim of better constraining the role of the biological pump in the removal and storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

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Section: Overall Rates Of Export Of Organic Carbon From the Photic Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Benthic Respiration In the Dark Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Benthic Respiration In the Dark Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Respiration in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones of the oceans

Arı́stegui¹,

Agustı́²,

Middelburg³

et al. 2005

Respiration in Aquatic Ecosystems

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show abstract

“…Marginal seas play a significant role in the global carbon cycle because more than 80% of the global organic matter (OM) in oceans is buried in coastal marine systems adjacent to rivers (Goni et al, 2006), and it is generally considered that the major part of OM is produced by phytoplankton and so that only a small fraction is derived from terrestrial organic matter (TOM) (Hedges and Keil, 1995). However, large river-derived materials (water, sediments and TOM) entering seas have a tremendous effect on distribution and transport of OM in estuaries, coastal zones, and even continental shelf (Fernandes et al, 1999;Xing et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources and preservation of sedimentary organic matter in the Southern Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea: Evidence from lipid biomarkers

Lin

Wang

Chen

et al. 2014

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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a b s t r a c tThe region of Southern Bohai Sea (SBS) and Yellow Sea (YS) represents one of the best examples of large river-dominated ocean margins. The transport and accumulation of sediments played a primary role in distribution of the lipids in the region and could lead to a preferential accumulation of these more refractory land-based lipids. The spatial distribution of total organic carbon (TOC) matched with the lipid distributions over the shelf, and high TOC presented in the central YS, but TOC burial fluxes decreased from 110 ton/km 2 /yr of SBS to 25-32 ton/km 2 /yr of YS. Good correlations were observed between terrestrial n-alkanes and TOC in the sediments of SBS and northern YS, but they were poor for southern YS, meanwhile higher ratios of nC27 + nC29 + nC31/nC15 + nC17 + nC19 (12 ± 6) were observed in SBS, and lower in YS (2.2 ± 1.0), suggesting the Yellow River discharge was an important source of terrestrial organic matter to the shelf.

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“…Among the mineral components in soils and sediments, clay minerals, particularly expandable minerals (vermiculite and smectite), whose interlayer space is highly expansible, appear to play the most important role in retaining organic compounds (Cheng and Reinhard, 2006b;Golchin et al, 1994;Hedges and Keil, 1995;Hundal et al, 2001;Keil et al, 1994;Mayer, 1994a,b;Hedges and Oades, 1997;Ransom et al, 1998;Riley et al, 2010;Tisdall and Oades, 1982;Tosca et al, 2010;Wang and Lee, 1993;Wu and Laird, 2002). More information on the chemical properties, textural arrangement, and surface characteristics of the dominant high surface area-to-volume minerals in marine sediments and soils and their interactions with organic matter is required to fully understand the mechanisms causing preservation of the organic carbons (Ransom et al, 1998;Tosca et al, 2010).…”

Section: Inhibition On Biodegradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of mineral micropores on transport and fate of organic contaminants: A review

Cheng

2012

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology

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Sedimentary organic matter preservation: an assessment and speculative synthesis

Cited by 2,167 publications

References 114 publications

Respiration in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones of the oceans

Respiration in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones of the oceans

Sources and preservation of sedimentary organic matter in the Southern Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea: Evidence from lipid biomarkers

Impact of mineral micropores on transport and fate of organic contaminants: A review

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