Sedimentation Effects on Triangular Short-Crested Flow-Measurement Weirs

Ogden, Fred L.; Creel, J.; Kempema, Edward W.; Crouch, Trey D.

doi:10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0001528

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Flows from these three catchments were measured using two stage weirs as described in Ogden et al (). Ogden et al () reported distinct differences in the hydrological response of these three catchments in terms of annual water balance, peak runoff rate, and runoff ratio during heavy rainfall events, and dry season base flow.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land Use‐Dependent Preferential Flow Paths Affect Hydrological Response of Steep Tropical Lowland Catchments With Saprolitic Soils

Cheng

Ogden

Zhu

et al. 2018

Water Resources Research

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Forested catchments in Central Panama can produce more base flow during the dry season compared to pasture catchments—the so‐called “forest sponge effect.” During rainfall events, peak storm runoff rates and storm runoff coefficients can be lower for forested catchments than pasture catchments, even when they have similar topographic characteristics, underlying geology, and soil texture. The internal mechanism of these differences in hydrological response due to land use is yet to be fully understood. A distributed model explicitly simulating preferential flow paths (PFPs), which is referred to as “PFPMod,” is used to explain the hydrological response caused by land use using data from three catchments with distinct land covers in Central Panama. Input parameters of forest and pasture land covers were identified using field observations and literature values. Multiple satisfactory objective criteria demonstrate that the two end‐member land cover parameter sets are adequate to explain the observed difference in dry‐season base flow and storm runoff coefficients. Field measurements of matrix infiltrability using soil cores and plot‐scale infiltration capacity enabled estimating the number of vertical macropores that fully penetrate the root zone. Model simulation results demonstrate that fast drainage through lateral PFPs in the early wet season and high flow in vertical PFPs to recharge deep groundwater in the late wet season contribute to the observed differences in peak storm runoff and the “forest sponge effect” during the dry season. This study provided insights to the mechanism by which reforestation may help to restore ecosystem services and water security in tropical settings.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land Use‐Dependent Preferential Flow Paths Affect Hydrological Response of Steep Tropical Lowland Catchments With Saprolitic Soils

Cheng

Ogden

Zhu

et al. 2018

Water Resources Research

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“…6. Apply rating equations found in Ogden et al (2017) to convert corrected and adjusted water stage time series to discharge. The weirs at the RAS, FOR, and MOS catchments are fully sedimented.…”

Section: Volumetric Dischargementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method uses time series analysis to isolate and preserve storm event discharge while correcting baseflow when clogs are most common. These data include both processed and unprocessed stage data. Apply rating equations found in Ogden et al (2017) to convert corrected and adjusted water stage time series to discharge. The weirs at the RAS, FOR, and MOS catchments are fully sedimented.…”

Section: Hydrologic Instrumentation and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The weirs at the RAS, FOR, and MOS catchments are fully sedimented. We used the modified discharge coefficients found in Ogden et al (2017) to account for the effects of sedimentation.…”

Section: Hydrologic Instrumentation and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We assumed a standard error for stage measurements of ±7.75 mm based on the published uncertainty of the pressure transducers and the consistency of staff-gage depth measurements in the field. Using this standard error with the weir equation published inOgden, Creel, Kempema, and Crouch (2017) resulted in an approximate discharge standard error of ±(0.02 Â Q + 0.000519 m 3 /s) for 5-min discharge measurements where Q is discharge in m 3 /s. A typical project weir showing the two-stage design is shown in Figure3.3.3 | Data processing3.3.1 | RainfallProcessing rain gage bucket tips for each rain gage cluster involved the following steps:1.…”

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Agua Salud project experimental catchments hydrometric data, Panama

Regina

Ogden

Hall

et al. 2021

Hydrological Processes

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The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) instrumented the Agua Salud (AS) Experimental Catchments as part of an ongoing series of land-cover related experiments in the steep, saprolitic, lowland, seasonal tropics of central Panama. The sites include tree plantations, rotational grazed pastures, native forests from 10 to over 80 years old, and a monoculture grassland. This data note provides a brief description of the instrumented catchments, rainfall and discharge data collection methods, data processing, and online availability.

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Evidence for the Activation of Shallow Preferential Flow Paths in a Tropical Panama Watershed Using Germanium and Silicon

Gardner

Litt

Lyons

et al. 2017

Water Resources Research

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In humid tropical watersheds, the hydrologic flow paths taken by rain event waters and how they interact with groundwater and soil matrix water to form streamflow are poorly understood. Preferential flow paths (PFPs) confound storm infiltration processes, especially in the humid tropics where PFPs are common. This work applies germanium (Ge) and silicon (Si) as natural flow path tracers in conjunction with water stable isotopes and electrical conductivity to examine the rapid delivery of shallow soil water, the activation of PFPs, and event water partitioning in an experimental catchment in central Panama. We employed a three‐component mixing model for hydrograph separation using the following end‐member waters: (i) base flow (high [Si], low [Ge], and low Ge/Si ratio), (ii) dilute canopy throughfall (low [Si] and low [Ge]), and (iii) shallow (<15 cm) soil matrix water (low [Si], high [Ge], and high Ge/Si ratio). These three end‐members bounded all observed Ge/Si streamflow ratios. During small rain events (<∼24 mm), base flow and dilute canopy throughfall components dominated stormflow. During larger precipitation events (>∼35 mm), we detected the third shallow soil water component with an elevated [Ge] and Ge/Si ratio. This component reached its maximum during the hydrograph's receding limb coincident with the maximum event fraction, and increased proportionally to the total storm rainfall exceeding ∼35 mm. Only shallow (<15 cm) soil matrix water exhibited elevated Ge concentrations and high Ge/Si ratios. This third component represents rapidly delivered soil matrix water combined with shallow lateral PFP activation through which event waters interact with soil minerals.

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Sedimentation Effects on Triangular Short-Crested Flow-Measurement Weirs

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Land Use‐Dependent Preferential Flow Paths Affect Hydrological Response of Steep Tropical Lowland Catchments With Saprolitic Soils

Land Use‐Dependent Preferential Flow Paths Affect Hydrological Response of Steep Tropical Lowland Catchments With Saprolitic Soils

Agua Salud project experimental catchments hydrometric data, Panama

Evidence for the Activation of Shallow Preferential Flow Paths in a Tropical Panama Watershed Using Germanium and Silicon

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