Sedimentation in floodplains of selected tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay

Ross, K. M.; Hupp, Cliff R.; Howard, A. D.

doi:10.1029/008wsa14

Cited by 20 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Valley plugs and the location of these sites within the basin are largely responsible for the differences between the results of our study and previous studies of floodplain deposition rates that were not influenced by valley plugs (Hupp, 1992;Hupp and Bazemore, 1993;Kleiss, 1996;Ross et al, 2004). The formation of valley plugs has reconnected the channelized stream to the floodplain and caused greater deposition rates in the floodplain.…”

Section: Deposition Ratescontrasting

confidence: 72%

Spatial dynamics of overbank sedimentation in floodplain systems

Pierce

King

2008

Geomorphology

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Floodplains provide valuable social and ecological functions, and understanding the rates and patterns of overbank sedimentation is critical for river basin management and rehabilitation. Channelization of alluvial systems throughout the world has altered hydrological and sedimentation processes within floodplain ecosystems. In the loess belt region of the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley of the United States, channelization, the geology of the region, and past land-use practices have resulted in the formation of dozens of valley plugs in stream channels and the formation of shoals at the confluence of stream systems. Valley plugs completely block stream channels with sediment and debris and can result in greater deposition rates on floodplain surfaces. Presently, however, information is lacking on the rates and variability of overbank sedimentation associated with valley plugs and shoals.We quantified deposition rates and textures in floodplains along channelized streams that contained valley plugs and shoals, in addition to floodplains occurring along an unchannelized stream, to improve our understanding of overbank sedimentation associated with channelized streams. Feldspar clay marker horizons and marker poles were used to measure floodplain deposition from 2002 to 2005 and data were analyzed with geospatial statistics to determine the spatial dynamics of sedimentation within the floodplains.Mean sediment deposition rates ranged from 0.09 to 0.67 cm/y at unchannelized sites, 0.16 to 2.27 cm/y at shoal sites, and 3.44 to 6.20 cm/y at valley plug sites. Valley plug sites had greater rates of deposition, and the deposited sediments contained more coarse sand material than either shoal or unchannelized sites. A total of 59 of 183 valley plug study plots had mean deposition rates N 5 cm/y. The geospatial analyses showed that the spatial dynamics of sedimentation can be influenced by the formation of valley plugs and shoals on channelized streams; however, responses can vary. Restoration efforts in the region need to have basinwide collaboration with landowners and address catchment-scale processes, including the geomorphic instability of the region, to be successful.

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Section: Deposition Ratescontrasting

confidence: 72%

Spatial dynamics of overbank sedimentation in floodplain systems

Pierce

King

2008

Geomorphology

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“…Depth to roots was measured at a distance away from the trunk that was approximately equal to the trunk diameter at ground surface to avoid the collar curvature. This technique has been shown to be internally consistent and has been used with considerable success along streams in the southeastern USA (Hupp and Bazemore, 1993;Ross et al, 2004;Jolley et al, 2010), the Great Plains regions of the United States (Friedman et al, 1996;Scott et al, 1997;Heimann and Roell, 2000), and in France along the Ain River, a tributary to the Rhône River (Piégay et al, 2008). We preferentially sampled certain species because they were common at the sampling stations, have easily determined ring boundaries, do not experience multiple and/or missing rings to the degree of other species, and they have a well-developed collar curvature with horizontal roots near the trunk.…”

Section: Intermediate-term Dendrogeomorphic Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These markers are made by placing powdered white feldspar clay~20 mm in thickness over an area of about 0.5 m 2 on the soil surface that has been cleared of coarse organic detritus. This clay becomes a fixed plastic marker after absorption of soil moisture that permits accurate measurement of short-term net vertical accretion (Bauman et al, 1984;Hupp and Bazemore, 1993;Kleiss, 1996;Ross et al, 2004). The clay pads (378, one at each station) were established in 2001 and 2002 and then examined and measured for depth of burial to estimate net fine-grained deposition over a 3-year period from 2003 through 2005.…”

Section: Short-term Clay Pad Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of floodplain sediment deposition along the regulated lower Roanoke River, North Carolina: Annual, decadal, centennial scales

et al. 2015

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“…Levee construction, channelization, flow manipulation by dams, and alteration of hydrology by urbanization are common on rivers (Dynesius and Nilsson 1994) and minimize the frequency and duration of flood pulses on floodplains (Décamps et al 1988, Ligon et al 1995. These alterations, in turn, have been shown to effectively reduce sediment deposition in floodplains (Hupp 1992, Kleiss 1996, Ross et al 2004. By minimizing flood pulses, human management has also reduced nutrient loading to floodplains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Accumulation in Floodplains of Atlantic Coastal Plain Rivers, Usa

Noe¹,

Hupp²

2005

Ecological Applications

199

147

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Net nutrient accumulation rates were measured in riverine floodplains of the Atlantic Coastal Plain in Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware, USA. The floodplains were located in watersheds with different land use and included two sites on the Chickahominy River (urban), one site on the Mattaponi River (forested), and five sites on the Pocomoke River (agricultural). The Pocomoke River floodplains lie along reaches with natural hydrogeomorphology and on reaches with restricted flooding due to channelization and levees. A network of feldspar clay marker horizons was placed on the sediment surface of each floodplain site 3-6 years prior to sampling. Sediment cores were collected from the material deposited over the feldspar clay pads. This overlying sediment was separated from the clay layer and then dried, weighed, and analyzed for its total carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) content.Mean C accumulation rates ranged from 61 to 212 g·m Ϫ2 ·yr Ϫ1 , N accumulation rates ranged from 3.5 to 13.4 g·m Ϫ2 ·yr Ϫ1 , and P accumulation rates ranged from 0.2 to 4.1 g·m Ϫ2 ·yr Ϫ1 among the eight floodplains. Patterns of intersite variation in mineral sediment and P accumulation rates were similar to each other, as was variation in organic sediment and C and N accumulation rates. The greatest sediment and C, N, and P accumulation rates were observed on Chickahominy River floodplains downstream from the growing metropolitan area of Richmond, Virginia. Nutrient accumulation rates were lowest on Pocomoke River floodplains that have been hydraulically disconnected from the main channel by channelization and levees. Sediment P concentrations and P accumulation rates were much greater on the hydraulically connected floodplain immediately downstream of the limit of channelization and dense chicken agriculture of the upper Pocomoke River watershed. These findings indicate that (1) watershed land use has a large effect on sediment and nutrient retention in floodplains, and (2) limiting the hydraulic connectivity between river channels and floodplains minimizes material retention by floodplains in fluvial hydroscapes.

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Sedimentation in floodplains of selected tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay

Cited by 20 publications

References 29 publications

Spatial dynamics of overbank sedimentation in floodplain systems

Spatial dynamics of overbank sedimentation in floodplain systems

Patterns of floodplain sediment deposition along the regulated lower Roanoke River, North Carolina: Annual, decadal, centennial scales

Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Accumulation in Floodplains of Atlantic Coastal Plain Rivers, Usa

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