Sedimentation in the Beaufort Sea: A Synthesis

Naidu, A. S.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-87411-6_7

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…For example, resource breadth for epibenthic shelf communities differs for substrate and food type. Sediments on the narrow Beaufort Sea shelf are a poorly sorted mix of gravel, sands, and muds, controlled by variable currents, river discharge, and ice rafting (Naidu 1974). In contrast, sediments on the broader Chukchi Sea shelf tend to be more uniform over larger regions in accordance with larger current systems (Grebmeier et al 2015).…”

Section: Functional Diversity Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of functional diversity of two Alaskan Arctic shelf epibenthic communities

Sutton

Iken

Bluhm

et al. 2020

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Alaskan Arctic shelf communities are currently experiencing dramatic changes that will likely affect ecosystem functioning of Arctic marine benthic communities. Here, functional diversity based on biological traits was used to assess differences and similarities in ecosystem functioning between 2 shelf systems that are geographically close but vary in many environmental influences: the Arctic Beaufort and Chukchi Sea epibenthic communities. We hypothesized that (1) patterns of functional composition and diversity metrics reflect patterns in taxonomic composition and diversity metrics in these 2 shelf communities; and (2) patterns in functional diversity metrics are distinct between the 2 shelves. We evaluated 9 biological traits (body form, body size, feeding habit, fragility, larval development, living habit, movement, reproductive strategy, sociability) for 327 taxa in 2014 and 2015. For each trait, multiple modalities (specific expressions within a trait) were considered. Patterns in functional diversity metrics on both shelves reflected those in taxonomic diversity metrics. However, shelf communities were more similar in functional- than in taxonomic composition. Beaufort Sea communities had higher functional dissimilarity and functional evenness driven by differences in the modalities within body form, body size, larval development, and reproductive strategy. These traits primarily affect nutrient cycling, energy turnover, and recovery from disturbances, suggesting a stronger potential for future maintenance of ecosystem function, and indicating a more even use of resources in the Beaufort Sea. The combination of functional and taxonomic diversity metrics enabled a comprehensive understanding of how ecological niche space is used and how epibenthic communities function in Alaskan Arctic shelf systems.

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Section: Functional Diversity Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of functional diversity of two Alaskan Arctic shelf epibenthic communities

Sutton

Iken

Bluhm

et al. 2020

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…3), The rivers draining the American continent are significantly higher in A T and C T relative to the Siberian rivers . This is the result of the different mineralogies of the drainage basins (Naidu, 1974). On the sandy, terraced banks of the Mackenzie and the Yukon Rivers there is enhanced erosion, whereas Siberian rivers pass through huge marsh lowlands, which favours deposition (Pocklington, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium carbonate saturation in the surface water of the Arctic Ocean: undersaturation in freshwater influenced shelves

2009

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Abstract. In the summer of 2005, we sampled surface water and measured pH and total alkalinity (A T ) underway aboard IB Oden along the Northwest Passage from Cape Farewell (South Greenland) to the Chukchi Sea. We investigated the variability of carbonate system parameters, focusing particularly on carbonate concentration [CO 2− 3 ] and calcium carbonate saturation states, as related to freshwater addition, biological processes and physical upwelling. Measurements on A T , pH at 15 • C, salinity (S) and sea surface temperature (SST), were used to calculate total dissolved inorganic carbon (C T ), [CO 2− 3 ] and the saturation of aragonite ( Ar) and calcite ( Ca) in the surface water. The same parameters were measured in the water column of the Bering Strait. Some surface waters in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) and on the Mackenzie shelf (MS) were found to be undersaturated with respect to aragonite ( Ar<1). In these areas, surface water was low in A T and C T (<1500 µmol kg −1 ) relative to seawater and showed low [CO 2− 3 ]. The low saturation states were probably due to the likely the effect of dilution due to freshwater addition by sea ice melt (CAA) and river runoff (MS). High A T and C T and low pH, corresponded with the lowest [CO 2− 3 ], Ar and Ca, observed near Cape Bathurst and along the South Chukchi Peninsula. This was linked to the physical upwelling of subsurface water with elevated CO 2 . The highest surface Ar and Ca of 3.0 and 4.5, respectively, were found on the Chukchi Sea shelf and in the cold water north of Wrangel Island, which is heavily influenced by high CO 2 drawdown and lower C T from intense biological production. In the western Bering Strait, the cold and saline Anadyr Current carries water that is enriched in A T and C T from enhanced organic matter remineralization, resulting in the lowest Ar (∼1.2) of the area.Correspondence to: M. Chierici (melissa@chem.gu.se)

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“…Some smaller sized individuals may still be retained with the accumulation of fine mud and silt in the trawl mesh, but not quantitatively sampled. This is especially true for regions heavily influenced by riverine input, such as the central Beaufort shelf, where O. sericeum samples were collected (Naidu 1974, Whitefield et al 2015.…”

Section: Individual Production and Turn-over Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and production of the brittle stars Ophiura sarsii and Ophiocten sericeum (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

Ravelo

Konar

Bluhm

et al. 2017

Continental Shelf Research

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Dense brittle star assemblages dominate vast areas of the Arctic marine shelves, making them key components of Arctic ecosystem. This study is the first to determine the population dynamics of the dominant shelf brittle star species, Ophiura sarsii and Ophiocten sericeum, through age determination, individual production and total turnover rate (P:B). In the summer of 2013, O. sarsii were collected in the northeastern Chukchi Sea (depth 35 to 65 m), while O. sericeum were collected in the central Beaufort Sea (depth 37 to 200 m). Maximum age was higher for O. sarsii than for O. sericeum (27 and 20 years, respectively); however, both species live longer than temperate region congeners. Growth curves for both species had similar initial fast growth, with an inflection period followed by a second phase of fast growth. Predation avoidance in addition to changes in the allocation of energy may be the mechanisms responsible for the observed age dependent growth rates. Individual production was higher for O. sarsii than for O. sericeum by nearly an order of magnitude throughout the size spectra. The distinct distribution pattern of the two species in the Alaskan Arctic may be determined by environmental characteristics such as system productivity. Both species had equally low turnover rates (0.2 and 0.1, respectively), similar to Antarctic species, but lower than temperate species. Such characteristics suggest that the dense brittle star assemblages that characterize the Arctic shelf system could have a recovery time from disturbance on the order of decades.

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Sedimentation in the Beaufort Sea: A Synthesis

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Comparison of functional diversity of two Alaskan Arctic shelf epibenthic communities

Comparison of functional diversity of two Alaskan Arctic shelf epibenthic communities

Calcium carbonate saturation in the surface water of the Arctic Ocean: undersaturation in freshwater influenced shelves

Growth and production of the brittle stars Ophiura sarsii and Ophiocten sericeum (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

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