Sedimentation processes and patterns in a glacier-fed lake with low sediment input

Smith, Norman D.

doi:10.1139/e78-081

Cited by 131 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The organic component depends on many factors, including bedrock lithology and vegetation cover, local climate (temperature, precipitation, wind), size and aspect of the catchment and the lake, water depth and temperature, coverage of superficial sediments in the catchment, colluvial activity related to slope angles around the lake, as well as anthropogenic impact. The minerogenic component in proglacial lakes depends in addition on factors such as transport distance and the number of intervening lakes acting as sediment traps ( Smith, 1978). In most lakes the organic component is much smaller than the minerogenic component, but the relative importance of these components is to a large extent siteand/or area dependent.…”

Section: Methods Reflecting Glacier Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of former glacier equilibrium-line altitudes based on proglacial sites: an evaluation of approaches and selection of sites

Dahl

Bakke

Lie

et al. 2003

Quaternary Science Reviews

115

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Various approaches are used to record variations in glacier activity and equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) based on proglacial sites (lacustrine and terrestrial). These approaches are based on a conceptual model of glacier-meltwater induced sedimentation in which the minerogenic (nonorganic) component of the sediments is related to the occurrence of a glacier in the catchment. The principal coupling to former glacier activity and ELAs is common for these approaches. However, different methods and techniques may complement each other, and both possibilities and limitations are demonstrated. Site selection for reconstructing variations in glacier activity/ELAs is evaluated and critical factors are discussed. Rerouting of glacier meltwater streams across local watersheds in combination with proglacial sites gives a distinct on/off signal for former glacier activity/ELAs. Together with representative lateral moraines of known age, local watersheds are important for calibrating reconstructed glacier activity/ELAs based on a chain of proglacial lakes. Based on the 'modern analogue principle', various proxies can record whenever glaciers existed in a catchment. In a chain of proglacial lakes with different sensitivity to record variations in glacier activity/ELAs, these proxies can be calibrated against independent records. For one-site approaches, however, variations in glacier activity/ELAs depend on the interpretation and sensitivity of the proxies used.

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Section: Methods Reflecting Glacier Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of former glacier equilibrium-line altitudes based on proglacial sites: an evaluation of approaches and selection of sites

Dahl

Bakke

Lie

et al. 2003

Quaternary Science Reviews

115

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show abstract

“…Because the annual melt cycles 771 caused by atmospheric temperature fluctuations are small due to the dampening effect of the thick 772 ice above subglacial lakes it follows that annual laminations in the sediment are unlikely, although 773 non-annual rhythmites are likely ). Thus, the identification of varved sediments 774 indicates a proglacial rather than subglacial lake origin (Smith, 1978;Smith & Ashley, 1985). Finally, 775 in a subglacial lake environment there should be no evidence of periodic drying out, which would 776 otherwise be indicated by desiccation cracks, mud roll-ups and specific types of trace fossils (Reading, 777 1998).…”

Section: ; Jones Et Al 2002) 693mentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical framework and diagnostic criteria for the identification of palaeo-subglacial lakes

Livingstone

Piotrowski

Tranter

et al. 2012

Quaternary Science Reviews

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11The Antarctic Ice Sheet is underlain by numerous subglacial lakes, which comprise a significant and 12 active component of its hydrological network. These lakes are widespread and occur at a range of 13 scales under a variety of conditions. At present much glaciological research is concerned with the 14 role of modern subglacial lake systems in Antarctica. Another approach to the exploration of 15 subglacial lakes involves identification of the geological record of subglacial lakes that once existed 16 beneath former ice sheets. This is challenging, both conceptually, in identifying whether and where 17 subglacial lakes may have formed, and also distinguishing the signature of former subglacial lakes in 18 the geological record. In this work we provide a synthesis of subglacial lake types that have been 19 identified or may theoretically exist beneath contemporary or palaeo-ice sheets. This includes a 20 discussion of the formative mechanisms that could trigger onset of (or drain) subglacial lakes. These 21 concepts provide a framework for discussing the probability that subglacial lakes exist(ed) beneath 22 other (palaeo-)ice sheets. Indeed we conclude that the former mid-latitude ice sheets are likely to 23 have hosted subglacial lakes, although the spatial distribution, frequency and type of lakes may have 24 differed -ice sheets. Given this possibility, we propose 25 diagnostic criteria for identifying palaeo-subglacial lakes in the geological record. These criteria are 26 derived from contemporary observations, hydrological theory and process-analogues and provide an 27 observational template for detailed field investigations. 28

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“…Trough cross-laminated silt beds near the base of unit 4, which are nearly devoid of clay, likely reflect traction current deposition by relatively strong underflow currents (Smith, 1978). The overlying horizontally laminated silt indicates that suspension sedimentation in the lake eventually became dominant.…”

Section: Assin-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentation in Ice-Damned Glacial Lake Assiniboine, Saskatchewan, and Catastrophic Drainage Down the Assiniboine Valley

Wolfe¹,

Teller²

2007

gpq

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ABSTRACTIce-dammed glacial Lake Assiniboine covered approximately 1500 km2in eastern Saskatchewan at about 11,000 BP. Lithofacies in two cores from the lake basin were identified, correlated, and linked to paleolake strandlines and inflow and outflow channels discerned from aerial photos and surface mapping. Deeper lake stages are reflected by silt and clay varve deposition in the deepest part of the basin, whereas shallower stages are represented by fluctuating grain size and current-generated sedimentary structures in sediments nearer to where influxes of melt-water occurred. The stratigraphie record revealed six lake phases, beginning with a shallow period when water collected in the interlobate area between ice on the Duck Mountain Upland to the east and the Assiniboine Ice Lobe to the west. A rise in lake level to about 495 m occurred as the southern outlet was dammed by ice. After about 85 varve years, waters from the Porcupine Hills Upland to the north flooded into glacial Lake Assiniboine, perhaps as a result of the drainage of an ice marginal lake, causing erosion at the lake's southern outlet and a drop in lake level. A second major influx of water from the Porcupine Hills area, at least 20 varve years later, led to downcutting of the outlet and draining of Lake Assiniboine. Shallow and deep channels, streamlined hills, and scattered boulders adjacent to the now-entrenched Assiniboine valley at the former outlet of glacial Lake Assiniboine suggest that the lake drained catastrophically. Similar geomorphic features at sites downstream along the Assiniboine valley are also indicative of catastrophic flow, although only those areas north of the Qu'Appelle River spillway junction are predominantly attributed to outbursts from glacial Lake Assiniboine.

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Sedimentation processes and patterns in a glacier-fed lake with low sediment input

Cited by 131 publications

References 27 publications

Reconstruction of former glacier equilibrium-line altitudes based on proglacial sites: an evaluation of approaches and selection of sites

Reconstruction of former glacier equilibrium-line altitudes based on proglacial sites: an evaluation of approaches and selection of sites

Theoretical framework and diagnostic criteria for the identification of palaeo-subglacial lakes

Sedimentation in Ice-Damned Glacial Lake Assiniboine, Saskatchewan, and Catastrophic Drainage Down the Assiniboine Valley

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