Sedimentological and diagenetic controls on reservoir properties in the Permian–Triassic successions of Western Persian Gulf, Southern Iran

Abdolmaleki, Javad; Tavakoli, Vahid; Asadi‐Eskandar, Ashkan

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2016.01.020

Cited by 43 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies (Adolmaleki et al., 2016; Enayati‐Bidgoli & Rahimpour‐Bonab, 2016; Insalaco et al., 2006; Nazemi et al., 2018; Nazemi et al., 2019; Tavakoli, 2017; Tavakoli & Jamalian, 2019) showed that reservoir zones of the studied formations are different in terms of reservoir quality and sedimentary, diagenetic and routine logs characteristics. Therefore, the variations in DSI logs and their relationship with the type of porosity in each electrofacies have been evaluated in each zone separately.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Heterogeneity evaluation of pore types based on dipole shear sonic imager logs by means of statistical parameters, the central Persian Gulf

Jamalian

Tavakoli

2022

Geophysical Prospecting

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Heterogeneity analysis in carbonate reservoirs is of great importance for the interpretation of their characteristics. This study focuses on the evaluation of pore‐type heterogeneity by means of the sonic wave velocities in the carbonate–evaporite series of Permian–Triassic sequences in the Persian Gulf. Thin section petrography and laboratory measured the porosity and permeability of 1576 samples, as well as routine wire‐line logs, were employed. To manage heterogeneity, six electrofacies (EF) were determined based on an integrated analysis of compressional, shear and Stoneley waves as well as three routine logs (gamma, neutron and density). The frequency of pore types in each electrofacies was calculated. Then, the heterogeneity of pore‐type distribution in each electrofacies was measured by standard error and coefficient of variation. Sonic velocity has been compared with the geological properties of electrofacies. Results indicated that velocity is affected by factors other than the amount of porosity, facies or lithology. The standard error values in all electrofacies were close to zero. The coefficient of variation values ranges from 1.08 to 4.60. The lowest amount of coefficient of variation was observed in EF6 in the Khuff (K) 4 zone for moldic porosity. This value for intercrystalline porosity distribution in EF1 in the K1 zone was low, too. These results indicate the lowest standard deviation and the highest homogeneity in the distribution of intercrystalline and moldic porosities in K1 and K4. Also, comparing the mean values of sonic logs in each electrofacies with the total mean value in the whole sequence indicated that there is a relationship between sonic velocity logs and the type of porosity. High values of sonic velocity correspond to intercrystalline porosity in K1 and low values of velocity correspond to moldic porosity in K4. Results show that integrated pore‐type studies should be carried out to understand the sonic velocities in carbonate reservoir rocks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Heterogeneity evaluation of pore types based on dipole shear sonic imager logs by means of statistical parameters, the central Persian Gulf

Jamalian

Tavakoli

2022

Geophysical Prospecting

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“…The dolomitization process was dominant, especially in the Upper Dalan (Amel et al, 2015) and the Kangan formations (Abdolmaleki et al, 2016;Tavakoli et al, 2011), playing the main diagenetic role in increasing the reservoir quality. A number of differing dolomitization processes are evident, including sabkha evaporation, hypersaline seepage reflux, meteoric/seawater mixing ("Dorag model"), and bacterial action (Badiozamani, 1973;Luczaj, 2006;Read, Husinec, Cangialosi, Loehn, & Prtoljan, 2016;Ward & Hally, 1985;Warren, 1989).…”

Section: Effects Of Dolomitizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Zagros Basin (Iran), the Upper Dalan and Kangan formations hold one of the largest gas reserves in the Middle East and also the world. Considering this importance, a sizable number of studies on the sedimentology, diagenesis, and reservoir quality have been done on the Permo–Triassic strata of the region (e.g., Abdolmaleki, Tavakoli, & Asadi‐Eskandar, ; Amel, Jafarian, Husinec, Koeshidayatullah, & Swennen, ; Bordenave, ; Esrafili‐Dizaji & Rahimpour‐Bonab, ; Haase & Aigner, ; Insalaco et al, ; Kashfi, ; Peyravi, Rahimpour‐Bonab, Nader, & Kamali, ; Rahimpour‐Bonab, Asadi‐Eskandar, & Sonei, ; Rahimpour‐Bonab, Esrafili‐Dizaji, & Tavakoli, ; Sharland et al, ; Tavakoli, Rahimpour‐Bonab, & Esrafili‐Dizaji, ). The sedimentologic, stratigraphic, and diagenetic attributes of the Upper Dalan (K3) and Kangan (K1, K2) formations of the Lavan Gas Field (Figure ) however, did not receive enough consideration to understand their depositional setting, diagenetic properties, and the effect of the sea‐level fluctuations on the reservoir qualities of the strata.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Zagros Basin (Iran), the Upper Dalan and Kangan formations hold one of the largest gas reserves in the Middle East and also the world. Considering this importance, a sizable number of studies on the sedimentology, diagenesis, and reservoir quality have been done on the Permo-Triassic strata of the region (e.g., Abdolmaleki, Tavakoli, & Asadi-Eskandar, 2016;Amel, Jafarian, Husinec, Koeshidayatullah, & Swennen, 2015;Bordenave, 2008;Esrafili-Dizaji & Rahimpour-Bonab, 2013;Haase & Aigner, 2013;Insalaco et al, 2006;Kashfi, 1992;Peyravi, Rahimpour-Bonab, Nader, & Kamali, 2015;Rahimpour-Bonab, Asadi-Eskandar, & Sonei, 2009;Rahimpour-Bonab, Esrafili-Dizaji, & Tavakoli, 2010;Sharland et al, 2001;Tavakoli, Rahimpour-Bonab, & Esrafili-Dizaji, 2011). (Goldhammer, Dunn, & Hardie, 1990;Husinec & Jelaska, 2006;Koeshidayatullah, Al-Ramadan, Collier, & Hughes, 2016;Salad Hersi, Abbasi, & Al-Harthy, 2016;Salad Hersi, Lavoie, & Nowlan, 2002), and these repeated shallowing-upward cycles may record important information on spatio-temporal changes of reservoir quality in the studied sequence.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Paleoenvironmental, diagenetic, and eustatic controls on the Permo–Triassic carbonate–evaporite reservoir quality, Upper Dalan and Kangan formations, Lavan Gas Field, Zagros Basin

et al. 2017

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Permo–Triassic (P–T) successions in Iran are known as one of the most extensive carbonate–evaporite sequences in the world, holding prolific hydrocarbon accumulations, such as the gas fields in the Zagros Basin. This study addresses the impact of paleoenvironmental changes across the P–T extinction boundary, variations in eustatic level and diagenesis on the carbonate reservoir quality of the Permo–Triassic Upper Dalan and Kangan formations in the Lavan Gas Field (offshore Zagros). A total of eight lithofacies have been defined and interpreted, representing the shallower parts (inner ramp to shoal) of a carbonate homoclinal ramp. The diagenetic features show the mixing influence of marine, meteoric and burial processes, with prevalence of multistage dolomitization and late meteoric‐related imprints. The main dolomitization processes are interpreted to be penecontemporaneous and associated with continuous seawater reflux and high evaporation within the intertidal environment. Combined analysis of facies and petrophysical properties has been utilized to define six rock types, including RT4 (grainstones from oolitic shoals) as the best reservoir, whereas RT1 (supratidal anhydrite) is acting as the main cap rock within the studied carbonate–evaporite sequence. Multiscale characterization of lithological and petrophysical properties suggest that the Upper Dalan Formation has a single reservoir unit (D1), whereas the Kangan Formation may be divided into two reservoir units (K1 and K2). The best reservoir quality is promoted by dissolution and dolomitization associated with late Transgressive Sequence Tracts (TST) to early Highstand Sequence Tracts (HST) sequences, while low reservoir quality corresponds to late HST sequences accompanied by pore‐occluded cements. Petrophysical analysis suggest better porosity‐permability for the Upper Dalan than for the Kangan Formation. This observation is closely associated with the different nature of lithofacies, where the Kangan Formation contains more fine‐grained carbonate rocks, and the higher intensity of porosity‐grain dolomitization in the Upper Dalan Formation. This study provides a better understanding on reservoir quality prediction across the P–T boundary and the effect of eustatic fluctuations and diagenesis in controlling porosity‐permeability evolution with similar settings elsewhere.

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“…Controlling factors and physical property cutoffs are significant parts in reservoir evaluation, especially in a tight sandstone reservoir. Understanding the controlling factors and physical property cutoffs of tight reservoirs is beneficial to predictions of effective reservoir distribution and "sweet spot" (Zhu et al, 2009;Abdolmaleki et al, 2016). Predictive distribution of high-quality reservoirs in deeply buried sandstone is a critical research area in siliciclastic diagenesis (Morad et al, 2000;Dutton and Loucks, 2010;Bjørlykke and Jahren, 2012;Zhou and Ji, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling factors and physical property cutoffs of the tight reservoir in the Liuhe Basin

Tan

Wang

et al. 2017

Adv. Geo-Energ. Res.

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Tight gas sandstone reservoirs of the Lower Cretaceous Xiahuapidianzi Formation are the main exploration target in the Liuhe Basin in China. Petrology characteristics, reservoir space (pore space), controlling factors and physical property cutoffs of the tight sandstone reservoir in the Liuhe Basin were determined through the integrated analysis of several methods including: casting thin section, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and nitrogen gas adsorption (N2GA). The sandstones dominated by lithic arkoses and feldspathic litharenites are characterized by low porosity, low permeability and strong microscopic heterogeneity. The porosity has a range between 0.48% and 4.80%, with an average of 2.26%. Intercrystalline pores, intergranular pores, dissolved pores and microfractures can be observed through the casting thin section and FE-SEM images. Compaction and carbonate cementation are the two primary mechanisms resulting in the low porosity of the Liuhe sandstones. Microfractures improve the permeability of the tight sandstones and provide pathways for fluid migration and the storage of hydrocarbon accumulations. Moreover, the theoretical cutoff of the porosity in the Xiahuapidianzi Formation tight sandstones is 3.3%.

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Sedimentological and diagenetic controls on reservoir properties in the Permian–Triassic successions of Western Persian Gulf, Southern Iran

Cited by 43 publications

References 30 publications

Heterogeneity evaluation of pore types based on dipole shear sonic imager logs by means of statistical parameters, the central Persian Gulf

Heterogeneity evaluation of pore types based on dipole shear sonic imager logs by means of statistical parameters, the central Persian Gulf

Paleoenvironmental, diagenetic, and eustatic controls on the Permo–Triassic carbonate–evaporite reservoir quality, Upper Dalan and Kangan formations, Lavan Gas Field, Zagros Basin

Controlling factors and physical property cutoffs of the tight reservoir in the Liuhe Basin

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