Sedimentological characteristics and seafloor failure offshore SW Taiwan

Su, Chih-Chieh; Hsu, Sandy Huey-Jen; Hsu, Huai Houh; Lin, Jing Yi; Dong, Jia Jyun

doi:10.3319/tao.2017.06.21.01

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In addition to the analysis method, tsunami scenarios the were performed with Cornell Multigrid Coupled Tsunami Model (COMCOT) (Liu et al, 1998;Wang and Power, 2011) for the purpose of examining tsunamis effects on the coastal regions of Taiwan. Tsunamis caused by SMFs were designed referring to the results of IIA method and previous researches through the submarine morphology of Taiwan (Chen et al, 2018;Chiang and Yu, 2006;Chiang et al, 2020;Hsu et al, 2018;Liu et al, 1993;Su et al, 2018). Since having a reasonable initial free-surface elevation for the source is crucial, the amplitudes of SMF tsunamis (Table 2) were obtained by the length and thickness of the mass failure along with the local water depth and slope (Watts et al, 2005)…”

Section: Modeling Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Tsunamis of Taiwan in the Eighteenth Century: the 1781 Jiateng Harbor Flooding and 1782 Tsunami Event

Liu

Hsu

2021

Preprint

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Abstract. This research aims to study two of the historical tsunamis occurred in Taiwan during the 18th century and to reconstruct the incidents. The 1781 Jiateng Harbor Flooding, recorded by the Chinese historical document, Taiwan Interview Catalogue, took place on the southwest coast of Taiwan. On the other hand, the 1782 Tsunami was documented in foreign languages, with uncertainties of the actual time. Reasoning these historical events requires not only carefully examining the literature records but also performing the scenarios that match the descriptions. The Impact Intensity Analysis (IIA) is employed to locate possible regions of tsunami sources in order to reproduce the events. Numerical simulations based on the Cornell Multi-Grid Coupled Tsunami Model (COMCOT) analyze the influence of different types of tsunami generated both by submarine mass failures and seismic activities. Numerical results indicate that the source of the 1781 Jiateng Harbor Flooding is located very possibly at the South South-West side of Taiwan. However, simulation results and historical records put the existence of the 1782 Tsunami in doubt, and the possibility of storm surges could not be ruled out.

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Section: Modeling Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Tsunamis of Taiwan in the Eighteenth Century: the 1781 Jiateng Harbor Flooding and 1782 Tsunami Event

Liu

Hsu

2021

Preprint

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“…Otherwise, other OBSs for the 2014 experiments were located in a relatively flat area and the fundamental frequency was smaller. Figure 8 shows the bulk density distribution obtained based on the coring samples acquired from several experiments (Su et al 2016). We can observe that almost all the OBS were deployed along the slope, where bulk density has relatively smaller value compared to those along the coastline or the Kaoping Canyon.…”

Section: Comparison With the Surface Geology And Bulk Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic site response of submarine slope offshore southwestern Taiwan

Lin¹,

Chen²,

Su³

et al. 2018

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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Widely distributed Bottom-Simulating Reflectors (BSRs) have been observed in the area offshore of southwestern Taiwan where the active accretionary complex meets with the passive China continental margin. In order to clarify the link between seismic site response and sedimentary properties of submarine slope, we evaluate the response of seafloor sediments in regard to passive dynamic loads. The local site effect produced by shallow marine sediments was characterized by estimating the horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratios of data recorded by the short-period Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBSs). The results show that the maximal H/V ratios appeared in the range of 3.66 -9.28 Hz, suggesting that the fundamental frequency is dominated by the effect related to the very shallow sediments. For most stations, the H/V ratios estimated based on the earthquakes and noise records were characterized by different patterns. Relatively broad H/V pattern was obtained when the signals were extracted from earthquakes. This phenomenon may be related to soil nonlinearity when a stronger motion applies. In comparison with the available geological structures and bulk density distribution obtained from coring experiments, we found a relatively higher fundamental frequency of about 8 -9 Hz for the more rigid material, such as mud diapir and folding axes. For most of the area along the slope, the fundamental frequency shows a relatively low value, about 6 -8 Hz. Finally, when a site is characterized by thick or lowest bulk density sedimentary layer, we observed a fundamental frequency lower than 5 Hz, which is the lowest in our assessment.

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“…1). The area off SW Taiwan has received a lot of sediments from the erosion of the Taiwan mountain belt (Chiang et al 2004;Yu et al 2009;Su et al 2018). In consequence, an active convergent zone has formed an accretionary wedge due to the subduction of the Eurasian Plate beneath the Philippine Sea Plate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seabed gas emissions and submarine landslides off SW Taiwan

Hsu¹,

Lin

Wang³

et al. 2018

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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Methane emissions out of the seabed could seriously affect Earth's climate and are usually associated with the dissociation of gas hydrates stored in marine sediments on the continental margins. Spatially, gas emissions out of the seafloor are not evenly distributed in continental margins. Gas emissions out of the seabed generally occur through submarine mud volcanoes and gas seeps. To understand the seabed gas emissions off SW Taiwan, we investigate the distributions of active submarine mud volcanoes, gas seeps, and gas plumes off SW Taiwan. We examine all of the available sub-bottom profiler and EK echo sounder data. We identified 19 submarine mud volcanoes, 220 gas seeps, and 295 gas plumes. The gas emissions are generally distributed at the crests of mud diapiric ridges. Most of the active mud volcanoes and gas seeps cluster at the KASMVG (Kaoping submarine mud volcanoes group) area. We speculate that the intensive mud volcanism and gas seepage at the KASMVG area are ascribed to submarine channel erosion along the continental slope base. The erosion causes a deep V-shaped channel and a steep BSR (Bottom-Simulating Reflector) slope curve across the continental margin. The upward migration rate of free gas beneath the BSR is thus increased and intensifies mud volcanism and gas seepage at the KASMVG area. The gas seeps can reduce the slope stability and generate small-scale slides. The development of mud volcanoes in an area could effectively disturb the seabed morphology so that large-scale submarine landslides cannot easily happen.

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Sedimentological characteristics and seafloor failure offshore SW Taiwan

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Historical Tsunamis of Taiwan in the Eighteenth Century: the 1781 Jiateng Harbor Flooding and 1782 Tsunami Event

Historical Tsunamis of Taiwan in the Eighteenth Century: the 1781 Jiateng Harbor Flooding and 1782 Tsunami Event

Seismic site response of submarine slope offshore southwestern Taiwan

Seabed gas emissions and submarine landslides off SW Taiwan

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