Sediments Quality based on Geo-Accumulation Index in Heavy Metals (Pb, Cu, and Cd) of Cengkok Coastal Waters, Banten Bay

Abstract

This area, which is located near the Banten Bay, is quite active with anthropogenic activities such as industry, fisheries, settlements, and shipyards that have the potential to pollute the environment with heavy metals. This study aims to determine the chemical environmental conditions of the waters and the concentration of heavy metals in the sediments of Banten Bay. Sediment samples were taken at five stations consisting of river and bay sections in April, May, July, August, and September 2019. Heavy metal content in sediments was analyzed according to APHA 2012 using hydrochloric acid and nitric acid destruction methods. The results of heavy metal concentrations in sediments were compared with ANZECC 2000 regulations and sediment quality was determined using the Geo-accumulation Index. The sediment at the observation site is dominated by the silt fraction. The concentration of heavy metals in this study was obtained in the form of lead (Pb) ranging from <0.05 to 6.408 mg / Kg, copper (Cu) ranging from 0.059 to 8.791 mg / Kg, and cadmium (Cd) ranging from 0.042 to 0.605 mg / K. While based on The level of heavy metal contamination in sediments using the Geo-accumulation index (I Geo), the value of all metal types in each month has a value <0.000 at all observation stations. Thus it is concluded that the concentration of heavy metals in the sediment is lower than the threshold determined during the observation. So that the metal concentration weight in the sediment has no significant effect on the environment.

Analysis of heavy metals content Hg, Cd, Pb, and Cu of green mussel Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) in Bojonegara Coastal Waters of Banten Bay, Indonesia

“…Activities that affect heavy metals in waters are ship transportation, oil refinery industry activities, and coal industry [27]. In addition, copper metal (Cu) comes from residential waste, namely metabolic waste and pipe corrosion [28].…”

Accumulation of essential (copper, iron, zinc) and non-essential (lead, cadmium) heavy metals in Caulerpa racemosa, sea water, and marine sediments of Bintan Island, Indonesia

“…Wardani et al (2020) stated that heavy metals are transported by currents where the flow conditions differ in strength in accordance with the season. 55 Wisha et al (2018) and Hamuna and Tanjung (2021) stated that the distribution of heavy metals in the sea is influenced by several water inputs and dynamics, topography, wind patterns, movement and surface current circulation. 56,57…”

Heavy Metals (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu) in Greenback Mullets (Planiliza subviridis Valenciennes, 1836) from Bojonegara coastal waters, Banten Bay, Indonesia

“…The bioconcentration factors were low (<100) and still suitable for consumption by the local community as long as it does not exceed the safety level. Several studies related to waters in Banten Bay have also been investigated, including on the Cengkok coastal waters showed that the heavy metal concentration in the sediment has no significant effect on the environment and it is below the threshold (Wardani et al, 2020); and concentration of heavy metals in the Bojonegara coastal waters are still in a good condition for aquatic life (Surbakti et al, 2021).…”