SEE Testing in the 24-GeV Proton Beam at the CHARM Facility

Alía, Rubén García; Brügger, M.; Cecchetto, Matteo; Cerutti, F.; Danzeca, Salvatore; Delrieux, Marc; Kastriotou, Maria; Tali, Maris; Uznanski, Slawosz

doi:10.1109/tns.2018.2829916

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Inclusion of heavier elements in the model would affect the energy loss of incident particles due to both ionization and nuclear reactions. This has been shown to affect the cross section for single-event effects in some devices, for instance, through induced fission in tungsten [67]- [69]. Because of this, the true Q crit value may be different from the one predicted here, especially since the model was fit to data where the primary mechanism of SEUs is indirect ionization.…”

Section: F Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 73%

Proton- and Neutron-Induced Single-Event Upsets in FPGAs for the PANDA Experiment

Preston

Calén

Johansson

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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Single-event upsets (SEUs) affecting the configuration memory of a 28-nm field-programmable gate array (FPGA) have been studied through experiments and Monte Carlo modeling. This FPGA will be used in the front-end electronics of the electromagnetic calorimeter in PANDA (Antiproton Annihilation at Darmstadt), an upcoming hadron-physics experiment. Results from proton and neutron irradiations of the FPGA are presented and shown to be in agreement with previous experimental results. To estimate the mean time between SEUs during operation of PANDA, a Geant4-based Monte Carlo model of the phenomenon has been used. This model describes the energy deposition by particles in a silicon volume, the subsequent drift and diffusion of charges in the FPGA memory cell, and the eventual collection of charges in the sensitive regions of the cell. The values of the two free parameters of the model, the sensitive volume side d = 87 nm and the critical charge Q crit = 0.23 fC, were determined by fitting the model to the experimental data. The results of the model agree well with both the proton and neutron data and are also shown to correctly predict the cross sections for upsets induced by other particles. The modelpredicted energy dependence of the cross section for neutroninduced upsets has been used to estimate the rate of SEUs during initial operation of PANDA. At a luminosity of 1 • 10 31 cm −2 s −1 , the predicted mean time between upsets (MTBU) is between 120 and 170 h per FPGA, depending on the beam momentum.

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Section: F Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 73%

Proton- and Neutron-Induced Single-Event Upsets in FPGAs for the PANDA Experiment

Preston

Calén

Johansson

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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“…In addition, it is worth noting that a strong SEE dependence with energy has also been observed for the SEL sensitivity of a commercial analog-to-digital converter ADC device [20].…”

Section: Fit For E < 230 Mevmentioning

confidence: 80%

Impact of Energy Dependence on Ground Level and Avionic SEE Rate Prediction When Applying Standard Test Procedures

2019

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Single event effects (SEEs) in ground level and avionic applications are mainly induced by neutrons and protons, of which the relative contribution of the latter is larger with increasing altitude. Currently, there are two main applicable standards—JEDEC JESD89A for ground level and IEC 62396 for avionics—that address the procedure for testing and qualifying electronics for these environments. In this work, we extracted terrestrial spectra at different altitudes from simulations and compared them with data available from the standards. Second, we computed the SEE rate using different approaches for three static random access memory (SRAM) types, which present a strong SEE response dependence with energy. Due to the presence of tungsten, a fissile material when interacting with high energy hadrons, the neutron and proton SEE cross sections do not saturate after 200 MeV, but still increase up to several GeV. For these memories, we found standard procedures could underestimate the SEE rate by a factor of up to 4-even in ground level applications—and up to 12 times at 12 km. Moreover, for such memories, the contribution from high energy protons is able to play a significant role, comparable to that of neutrons, even at commercial flight altitudes, and greater at higher altitudes.

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“…This includes for example differences between pion-and nucleon-induced SEE cross section [32], the enhanced SEE cross section of low-sensitivity devices (i.e. high Q crit with high-Z material near the SV in the hadron energy range from 200 MeV to 3 GeV due to fission reactions [33] and the impact of directly ionizing light charged particles such as protons [34] and muons [35]. Additional studies investigated SEEs induced by electro-and photonuclear reactions [36] and, via a Geant4-based extension, by neutrons in the 0.1-10 MeV neutron range [37].…”

Section: Monte Carlo Simulation Of Single Event Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Capabilities of the FLUKA Multi-Purpose Code

et al. 2022

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FLUKA is a general purpose Monte Carlo code able to describe the transport and interaction of any particle and nucleus type in complex geometries over an energy range extending from thermal neutrons to ultrarelativistic hadron collisions. It has many different applications in accelerator design, detector studies, dosimetry, radiation protection, medical physics, and space research. In 2019, CERN and INFN, as FLUKA copyright holders, together decided to end their formal collaboration framework, allowing them henceforth to pursue different pathways aimed at meeting the evolving requirements of the FLUKA user community, and at ensuring the long term sustainability of the code. To this end, CERN set up the FLUKA.CERN Collaboration1. This paper illustrates the physics processes that have been newly released or are currently implemented in the code distributed by the FLUKA.CERN Collaboration2 under new licensing conditions that are meant to further facilitate access to the code, as well as intercomparisons. The description of coherent effects experienced by high energy hadron beams in crystal devices, relevant to promising beam manipulation techniques, and the charged particle tracking in vacuum regions subject to an electric field, overcoming a former lack, have already been made available to the users. Other features, namely the different kinds of low energy deuteron interactions as well as the synchrotron radiation emission in the course of charged particle transport in vacuum regions subject to magnetic fields, are currently undergoing systematic testing and benchmarking prior to release. FLUKA is widely used to evaluate radiobiological effects, with the powerful support of the Flair graphical interface, whose new generation (Available at http://flair.cern) offers now additional capabilities, e.g., advanced 3D visualization with photorealistic rendering and support for industry-standard volume visualization of medical phantoms. FLUKA has also been playing an extensive role in the characterization of radiation environments in which electronics operate. In parallel, it has been used to evaluate the response of electronics to a variety of conditions not included in radiation testing guidelines and standards for space and accelerators, and not accessible through conventional ground level testing. Instructive results have been obtained from Single Event Effects (SEE) simulations and benchmarks, when possible, for various radiation types and energies. The code has reached a high level of maturity, from which the FLUKA.CERN Collaboration is planning a substantial evolution of its present architecture. Moving towards a modern programming language allows to overcome fundamental constraints that limited development options. Our long term goal, in addition to improving and extending its physics performances with even more rigorous scientific oversight, is to modernize its structure to integrate independent contributions more easily and to formalize quality assurance through state-of-the-art software deployment techniques. This includes a continuous integration pipeline to automatically validate the codebase as well as automatic processing and analysis of a tailored physics-case test suite. With regard to the aforementioned objectives, several paths are currently envisaged, like finding synergies with Geant4, both at the core structure and interface level, this way offering the user the possibility to run with the same input different Monte Carlo codes and crosscheck the results.

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SEE Testing in the 24-GeV Proton Beam at the CHARM Facility

Cited by 8 publications

References 40 publications

Proton- and Neutron-Induced Single-Event Upsets in FPGAs for the PANDA Experiment

Proton- and Neutron-Induced Single-Event Upsets in FPGAs for the PANDA Experiment

Impact of Energy Dependence on Ground Level and Avionic SEE Rate Prediction When Applying Standard Test Procedures

New Capabilities of the FLUKA Multi-Purpose Code

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