Seed and herbage production of Westerwolds ryegrass as influenced by applied nitrogen

Kunelius, H. T.; McRae, K. B.; Dürr, G. H.; Fillmore, Sherry

doi:10.4141/p03-190

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Although the agricultural literature is replete with examples of how nutrient addition increases seed production and yield (e.g., maize, Barry and Miller 1989; faba bean, Ghizaw et al 1999;rice, Cho et al 2001; ryegrass, Kunelius et al 2004), few desert nutrient addition studies include such fitness-related variables, focusing instead on growth or net primary productivity. Including variables such as seed production and quality in nutrient addition studies is necessary to link nutrient availability to plant fitness and population dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen addition increases fecundity in the desert shrub Sarcobatus vermiculatus

Drenovsky

Richards

2005

Oecologia

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Nutrients, in addition to water, limit desert primary productivity, but nutrient limitations to fecundity and seed quality in desert ecosystems have received little attention. Reduced seed production and quality may affect recruitment, population, and community processes. At the Mono Basin, CA, USA where the alkaline, sandy soil has very low availability of N, P, and most other nutrients, seed production, recruitment, and dominance of the desert shrub Sarcobatus vermiculatus decrease over a dune successional sequence. Concurrently, Sarcobatus leaf N, P, and Ca/Mg ratio decline from early to later successional dunes. At two later successional dune sites, we fertilized adult Sarcobatus shrubs for 2 years and determined which nutrient(s) limited growth, seed production, and seed quality. We also tested whether nutrient addition at these older sites made these fitness-related variables equivalent to a younger, high-fecundity site. Nitrogen addition, alone, increased Sarcobatus leaf N, growth, and seed production per shoot module. Any treatment including P, Ca, Mg, or micronutrients but not N had an insignificant effect on growth and fecundity. Nitrogen addition also increased filled seed weight, a predictor of potential seedling survival, at one of the sites. Nitrogen-limited seed production and seed mass may reduce Sarcobatus fitness and contribute to the observed successional changes in plant community composition in this alkaline desert ecosystem.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen addition increases fecundity in the desert shrub Sarcobatus vermiculatus

Drenovsky

Richards

2005

Oecologia

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“…In addition to the increased number of reproductive ears per unit area, seed yield increments in fertilized plots were also partly related to heavier seed weight (Table 3), supporting our contention that, except for seed shattering, the late occurrence of lodging had a limited effect on crop performance. Nitrogen fertilization also had little influence on spikelet number and seed weight of Westerwolds ryegrass in research by [3], whereas increased seed weight of perennial ryegrass at higher N fertilization rates was found by [32]. Nitrogen fertilization had no effect on seed germination (Table 3) as also found by [32] on perennial ryegrass.…”

Section: Effect Of N Fertilizationmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…[33] found that seed yields of perennial ryegrass were not associated with the number of ears per unit area. [3] also showed there was no firm relationship between fertile tillers or spikelets numbers and the seed yields of Westerwolds ryegrass. However, seed yields in most seed crops depend strongly on the number of reproductive (fertile) ears per unit area, and early-formed tillers are largely responsible for producing those ears.…”

Section: Effect Of N Fertilizationmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Across all treatments, seed moisture content at harvest averaged 41.3%, with seed yield averaging 1411 kg ha −1 . In Atlantic Canada, crop of tetraploid Westerworlds ryegrass produced about 1000 kg ha −1 [3]. In Serbia, seed yield of the first-year Italian ryegrass crop harvested by hand averaged 1035 kg ha −1 [20].…”

Section: Crop Establishment Forage Yield and Seed Harvestmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Atlantic Canada, ref. [3] reported that more intensive N fertilization increased tiller number per unit area and spikelets per spike, and consequently, seed yield of Westerwold ryegrass. In two field trials in New Zealand, ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Management Systems for Biannual Seed Crop of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Grown at Various Nitrogen Fertilization: I. First-Production Year Characterized by Limited Crop Lodging and High Seed Shattering before Direct Combine-Harvesting

Svečnjak

Jareš²,

Jama-Rodzeńska

et al. 2022

Agronomy

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Little is known about the best management systems for seed production of Italian ryegrass. The main objective of this study was to determine the influence of management systems on the first-year seed crop grown under various nitrogen fertilization (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha−1). Management systems of single-purpose crops were with (SeedPGR-crop) and without (Seed-crop) plant growth regulator application. The dual-purpose crops incorporated early spring forage cut during stem elongation (EF-seed-crop) and late cut at the onset of heading (LF-seed-crop) followed by seed harvest. Compared to the single-purpose crops, the dual purpose-crops shattered much less seeds but still yielded less because their plants had lower number of visible nodes on stems, shorter ears, fewer spikelets per ear, fewer flowers per spikelet in various ear sections and lighter seeds. Despite similar lodging incidence, the SeedPGR-crop produced relatively small, but significantly larger seed yield than the Seed-crop because plants in the SeedPGR-crop had shorter stems with fewer vegetative tillers, and shattered seeds slightly less. Nitrogen fertilization consistently improved seed yields in all management systems regardless of associated increases in lodging and seed shedding. These yield increments were mainly associated with the increased number of early- and late-formed reproductive tillers, and partly due to improved number of florets per spikelet and slightly heavier seed in early-formed reproductive ears. In spite of larger seed losses through shattering, the single-purpose crops largely out-yielded and had higher seed germination than the dual-purpose crops at all nitrogen fertilization rates, with maximized yields produced in the SeedPGR-crop.

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Mid-summer annual forage performance in organic, grass-fed production

Die

Entz

2022

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Grass-fed ruminant production does not have the convenience of feeding easily-storable grains during periods of low forage availability. This study examined the forage yield, quality, and utilization of warm- and cool-season annual forages grown under organic management during the mid-summer “feed gap” period. Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv. Tetra Brand), winter triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack cv. common), oat (Avena sativa L. cv. Souris), millet (Panicum miliaceum L. cv. Crown Proso), corn (Zea mays L. cv. BMR84 and CM440 Canamaize), and sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench × Sorghum sudanense [Piper] Stapf cv. common) were grown in Carman, Manitoba, over 3 site-years in 2018 and 2019. Combined forage and weed dry matter (DM) yield was 7159 kg·ha−1 for sorghum-sudangrass (29% weeds), 5506 kg·ha−1 for corn (36% weeds), 4687 kg·ha−1 for oat (45% weeds), 4617 kg·ha−1 for annual ryegrass (95% weeds), 4542 kg·ha−1 for millet (28% weeds), and 2945 kg·ha−1 for winter triticale (51% weeds); significant differences in crop and weed biomass were observed. All forage systems were palatable to sheep with utilization rates from 47% to 65%. When all quality parameters were considered, corn, winter triticale, millet, and oat displayed adequate quality for mid-summer grazing, while sorghum-sudangrass had suboptimal crude protein concentrations. Direct measurements of forage quality on weeds showed that weeds did not compromise forage quality. This Canadian first study demonstrated the potential of forage production for mid-summer grazing in an organic, grass-fed regime with oat, millet, and corn resulting in the best combination of yield and quality.

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Seed and herbage production of Westerwolds ryegrass as influenced by applied nitrogen

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Nitrogen addition increases fecundity in the desert shrub Sarcobatus vermiculatus

Nitrogen addition increases fecundity in the desert shrub Sarcobatus vermiculatus

Management Systems for Biannual Seed Crop of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Grown at Various Nitrogen Fertilization: I. First-Production Year Characterized by Limited Crop Lodging and High Seed Shattering before Direct Combine-Harvesting

Mid-summer annual forage performance in organic, grass-fed production

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