Seed-borne nature of a begomovirus, Mung bean yellow mosaic virus in black gram

Abstract

The yellow mosaic viruses (YMV) infecting legumes are considered to be the most devastating begomoviruses as they incite considerable yield loss. The yellow discoloration of pods and seeds of infected plants and symptom emergence in the very first trifoliate leaf of the plants in the field were suggestive that the virus may be seed borne, which was investigated in the present study. The distribution of the virus in various parts of the seeds of black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) plants naturally infected in the field was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Southern blot analysis, and sequencing. Nucleotide sequencing of the PCR amplicons from the seed parts from groups of ten seeds revealed the presence of mung bean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) in the seed coat, cotyledon, and embryonic axes. The presence of virion particles was confirmed through double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) even in a single whole seed. In confocal microscopy, positive fluorescent signals were obtained using coat protein gene-specific primers in the embryonic axes. However, in the growth tests performed with the same batch of seeds, there was no symptom development in the seedlings though the virus (both DNA A and B components) was detected in 32 % of tested seedlings. In this study, the MYMV was detected in seed coat, cotyledon, and embryo. This study revealed that the MYMV is a seed-borne virus.

Seed Transmission of Beet Curly Top Virus and Beet Curly Top Iran Virus in a Local Cultivar of Petunia in Iran

“…Similar conclusions can be drawn from our results. However, given that the seeds of mung beans are large enough, confirmation of the presence of the MBYMV virion particles in a single mung bean seed was possible by performing DAS-ELISA and ISEM experiments [18]. …”

“…However, maize streak virus (genus Mastrevirus ) has been experimentally transmitted in maize through vascular puncture of the seeds [15]. More recently, Kim et al [16], Kil et al [17], and Kothandaraman et al [18] reported seed transmission of sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV), tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), and mung bean yellow mosaic virus (MBYMV), three distinct begomoviruses in sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas ), tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ), and black gram ( Vigna mungo ), respectively. In the present paper, we provide evidence for natural and experimental seed transmission of BCTV-Svr, a curtovirus, and BCTIV, a becurtovirus, in a local cultivar of petunia.…”

Breeding for Enhancing Legumovirus Resistance in Mungbean: Current Understanding and Future Directions

“…Based on the results of DAS-ELISA, they reported the seed-borne nature of DoYMV. Similarly, DAS-ELISA and immunosorbent electron microscopy have been performed to detect the presence of virus particles by Kothandaraman et al [125] in black gram. AV 494/AC 1048 FJ821189 GCC(C/T)AT(G/A)TA(T/C)AG (A/G)AAGCC(A/C)AG…”

Seed Transmission of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in White Soybean (Glycine max)

“…However, it was recently confirmed that TYLCV-infected tomato seeds could transmit infectious virus ( Kil et al, 2016 ). In addition, seed transmission of other begomoviruses such as Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) and Mung bean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) was also reported in sweet potato and black gram ( Kim et al, 2015 ; Kothandaraman et al, 2016 ). Seed transmission of TYLCV has also been verified in sweet pepper (unpublished data).…”