Seed-coat anatomy and proanthocyanidins contribute to the dormancy of Rubus seed

Wada, Sugae; Kennedy, James A.; Reed, Barbara M.

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2011.08.034

Cited by 37 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Rubus seeds are enclosed by a hard endocarp that impedes water imbibition (Wada et al. 2011), which increases seed survival but impairs germination in the absence of aggressive physical conditions such as digestive enzymes. Our results therefore suggest that slow-digesting animals are more effective to disperse resistant seeds over longer distances than ruminants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contrastingly, the fact that fruit seeds (Rubus fruticosus) only germinated in wild boar feces (and not in controls) suggests that endozoochory may not systematically be costly to seeds and can even favor germination. Rubus seeds are enclosed by a hard endocarp that impedes water imbibition (Wada et al 2011), which increases seed survival but impairs germination in the absence of aggressive physical conditions such as digestive enzymes. Our results therefore suggest that slow-digesting animals are more effective to disperse resistant seeds over longer distances than ruminants.…”

Section: Seed Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Temporal dynamics of seed excretion by wild ungulates: implications for plant dispersal

Picard¹,

Papaïx

Gosselin³

et al. 2015

Ecology and Evolution

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Dispersal is a key process in metapopulation dynamics as it conditions species’ spatial responses to gradients of abiotic and biotic conditions and triggers individual and gene flows. In the numerous plants that are dispersed through seed consumption by herbivores (endozoochory), the distance and effectiveness of dispersal is determined by the combined effects of seed retention time in the vector’s digestive system, the spatial extent of its movements, and the ability of the seeds to germinate once released. Estimating these three parameters from experimental data is therefore crucial to calibrate mechanistic metacommunity models of plant–herbivore interactions. In this study, we jointly estimated the retention time and germination probability of six herbaceous plants transported by roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), red deer (Cervus elaphus), and wild boar (Sus scrofa) through feeding experiments and a Bayesian dynamic model. Retention time was longer in the nonruminant wild boar (>36 h) than in the two ruminant species (roe deer: 18–36 h, red deer: 3–36 h). In the two ruminants, but not in wild boar, small and round seeds were excreted faster than large ones. Low germination probabilities of the excreted seeds reflected the high cost imposed by endozoochory on plant survival. Trait-mediated variations in retention time and germination probability among animal and plant species may impact plant dispersal distances and interact with biotic and abiotic conditions at the release site to shape the spatial patterns of dispersed plant species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seed Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal dynamics of seed excretion by wild ungulates: implications for plant dispersal

Picard¹,

Papaïx

Gosselin³

et al. 2015

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Cracca (Hormat & El Alaoui-Faris, 2004), or inner seed-coat anatomy and chemical compounds, as in the case of Rubus spp. (Wada, Kennedy & Reed, 2011).…”

Section: Germination Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Higher seed size and germination rate may favour autotetraploids ofVicia craccaL. (Fabaceae)

Eliášová

Münzbergová

2014

Biol J Linn Soc Lond

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The phenotypic effect of increased cell size in polyploid angiosperms has been repeatedly described; the ecological consequences of the gigas effect are, however, relatively poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of cytotype, seed weight, and inter-population variation on seedling germination and growth in diploid and autotetraploid Vicia cracca L. in a common garden experiment. Seeds used in this study originated in the contact zone of the cytotypes in Central Europe. Tetraploids had heavier seeds than diploids and greater germination rates irrespective of seed size. Both seed weight and germination rate displayed high inter-population variation. Further, tetraploids seem to germinate earlier and deposit fewer reserves into the seed bank than diploids. Mean above-ground biomass and seedling height were similar in the two cytotypes of V. cracca. Nonetheless, the tallest tetraploid seedlings were taller than the tallest diploid seedlings, which may be advantageous under strong competition in dense vegetation. This study thus demonstrates that tetraploids of V. cracca may have superior competitive ability to diploids in certain habitats. It also suggests the necessity of studying multiple populations per cytotype when comparing diploids and polyploids, as the effect of population may be of similar or even higher magnitude than the effect of cytotype.

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“…Con base en este hallazgo, la razón de intensidad de las señales a 1.600 cm -1 y 1.500 cm -1 , hacen suponer que la lignina de la exotesta tiene un perfil estructural expresado por la naturaleza condensada, mientras que el perfil de lignina presente en las otras capas presenta menores grados de condensación. Esto puede hacer que la capa interna (mesotesta y endotesta) sufra mayores niveles de degradación que la exotesta, que actúa como una barrera de protección física y química en las semillas contra factores bióticos y abióticos del medio ambiente (Wada et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Perfil lignoídico del tegumento de semillas de Araucaria angustifolia

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYThe aim of this research was to quantify and identify the types of lignin and characterize its functionalization based on apparent physical resistance in each seed coat layers of Araucaria angustifolia. Each seed layer (exotesta, mesotesta and endotesta) was milled, homogenized and pre-extracted with solvents: cyclohexane, ethyl acetate and methanol for quantification of lignin. Pre-treatment with NaOH 1% was also performed in each layer of the seed for lignin quantification and for infrared spectroscopy. The lignin content obtained in the testa was 32.43 % for the three layers. After alkaline treatment, the lignin content was 31.52 % in exotesta, 16.88 % in mesotesta and 15.48 % in endotesta. Dioxane lignin was isolated from the seed coat and reduced with NaHB 4 . Infrared spectra (FTIR) were obtained from the dioxane lignin, reduced dioxane lignin and alkaline-treated Klason lignin of each layer. Microscopic analyses of the in natura exotesta and mesotesta layers from the seed coat were performed through histochemical test (Wiesner) and fluorescence microscopy. Infrared analyses made possible observation of aldehyde terminations in dioxane lignin and propose the structural profile of Klason lignin in different layers. Fluorescence microscopic analyses allowed identification of highly lignified macrosclereids in exotesta.Key words: lignin, nut, infrared, testa. RESUMENEl objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar y cuantificar los tipos de lignina, y caracterizar su función según la resistencia física aparente de cada capa de la testa de la semilla de Araucaria angustifolia. Cada capa de la semilla (exotesta, mesotesta e endotesta) se molió, homogeneizó y sometió a un ciclo de pre-extracción con solventes (ciclohexano, acetato de etilo y metanol) para preparar el material para cuantificar la lignina. También se realizó en cada capa de la semilla un pre-tratamiento con NaOH 1 % para cuantificar la lignina y para aplicar espectroscopía infrarroja. El contenido de lignina en la testa fue 32,43 % para las tres capas juntas. Después del tratamiento alcalino, el contenido de lignina fue de 31,52 % en exotesta, 16,88 % en mesotesta y 15,32 % en endotesta. Lignina dioxano se aisló del tegumento de la semilla y la misma se redujo químicamente con NaHB 4 . Los espectros infrarrojos se registraron a partir de lignina dioxano, lignina dioxano reducida y de lignina de Klason de cada capa con tratamiento alcalino. Se realizaron análisis microscópicos de las capas de exotesta y mesotesta de la testa de la semilla al natural, por prueba histoquímica (prueba Wiesner) y por microscopía de fluorescencia. El análisis infrarrojo permitió observar la presencia de terminales aldehído en lignina dioxano y trazar el perfil estructural de las ligninas de Klason en capas diferentes. En el análisis microscópico con fluorescencia se identificó en la exotesta la presencia de macroesclereidas altamente lignificadas.Palabras clave: lignina, piñón, infrarrojo, testa. INTRODUCCIÓNUna gran parte de las semillas forestales en Brasil se...

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Seed-coat anatomy and proanthocyanidins contribute to the dormancy of Rubus seed

Cited by 37 publications

References 29 publications

Temporal dynamics of seed excretion by wild ungulates: implications for plant dispersal

Temporal dynamics of seed excretion by wild ungulates: implications for plant dispersal

Higher seed size and germination rate may favour autotetraploids ofVicia craccaL. (Fabaceae)

Perfil lignoídico del tegumento de semillas de Araucaria angustifolia

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