Seed Collection and Germination Strategies for Common Wetland and Coastal Sage Scrub Species in Southern California

Barton, Michelle L.; Medel, Ivan D.; Johnston, Karina; Whitcraft, Christine R.

doi:10.3160/soca-115-01-41-71.1

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…It can be observed that A. trifida produces the largest seeds (more than 6 mm long) with a consistent outer coat (Bassett and Crompton, 1982). The other ragweed species produce smaller seeds: seeds of A. tenuifolia are slightly larger, 3-5 mm long (Parsons and Cuthbertson, 2001;Behçet, 2004), than those of A. artemisiifolia (~3.5 mm long) (Bassett and Crompton, 1975) and A. psilostachya (3-4.5 mm long) ( Table 5) (Barton et al, 2016).…”

Section: B Seed and Propagule Pressurementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Seed production of A. psilostachya is very low and, in some studies, the species was even classified as a non-seeded forb (Table 4; Grygiel et al, 2012). Moreover, studies performed in tallgrass prairies and coastal areas showed no seed of this species in the soil seed bank (McNicoll and Augspurger, 2010;Barton et al, 2016). Nevertheless, from samples of soils collected in North American mixed prairies and then stored in artificial conditions, Lippert and Hopkins (1950) observed emergence of seedlings of A. psilostachya but in very low numbers.…”

Section: Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, from samples of soils collected in North American mixed prairies and then stored in artificial conditions, Lippert and Hopkins (1950) observed emergence of seedlings of A. psilostachya but in very low numbers. Information about seed viability is very scarce but is likely to be around 3-5 years, independent of persistence in the soil (Barton et al, 2016). Thus, resilience strategies in A. psilostachya do not include soil seed banks, but the rhizome is likely to be the target organ in overcoming stressful conditions and disturbances.…”

Section: Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Worldwide Spread, Success, and Impact of Ragweed (Ambrosiaspp.)

Montagnani

Gentili

Smith

et al. 2017

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

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Ambrosia species represent one of the most problematic groups of invasive weeds around the world. The ease they are introduced and spread in new countries, their generalist ecological requirements and functional traits facilitate their invasion and subsequent naturalization in new areas. All of these aspects contribute to increasing their global social and economic impact, which is mostly related to pollen allergy. Here we analyse available scientific publications about Ambrosia artemisiifolia, A. psilostachya, A. tenuifolia and A. trifida, with the aim of defining the current level of knowledge and summarizing important data that is currently scattered throughout the literature. Specifically, we analysed the following: (1) their current global distribution and current stage of invasion; (2) traits and requirements promoting their introduction, reproductive success and adaptation to climate and environment in the non-native range; as well as (3) current knowledge about allergens and elements increasing their impact.

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Section: B Seed and Propagule Pressurementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Worldwide Spread, Success, and Impact of Ragweed (Ambrosiaspp.)

Montagnani

Gentili

Smith

et al. 2017

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

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“…Seed cleaning can remove these structures, along with seed coats, chaff, leaves, twigs, insects, dirt, and other non-seed debris. This process is critical for reducing the volume of material that needs to be stored for seeding, isolating seeds for uniformity in sowing, and potentially for enhancing germination (Lippitt et al, 1994;Barton et al, 2016).…”

Section: Cleaning Seedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Identifying the optimal storage conditions for target species is essential because improper storage can result in loss of a critical component of the genetic diversity of a seed collection or loss of viability in the entire seed lot (Hay and Probert, 2013;Basey et al, 2015;De Vitis et al, 2020). Even under optimal conditions, species will vary widely in their longevity (<1 year up to decades), so minimizing storage time to a few months or less is preferred, although not necessarily logistically feasible with uncertain and variable demands for seed needs (Basey et al, 2015;Barton et al, 2016;Bourgeois et al, 2019;Hancock et al, 2020).…”

Section: Seed Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Need to Seed? Ecological, Genetic, and Evolutionary Keys to Seed-Based Wetland Restoration

Kettenring

Tarsa

2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

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As we approach the Decade of Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030), there is renewed focus on improving wetland restoration practices to reestablish the habitat and climate mitigation functions and services that wetlands provide. A first step in restoring these functions and services is to reestablish the native vegetation structure and composition through strategic seed-based approaches. These approaches should be driven by ecological, genetic, and evolutionary principles, along with consideration for economics, logistics, and other social constraints. Effective seed-based approaches must consider the chosen species, seed sourcing, dormancy break and germination requirements, seed enhancement technologies, potential invaders, seeding densities, and long-term monitoring. Choice of species should reflect historical plant communities and future environmental conditions, species that support functional goals including invasion resistance, and seed availability constraints. Furthermore, seeds should be sourced to ensure ample genetic diversity to support multifunctionality and evolutionary capacity while also considering the broad natural dispersal of many wetland species. The decision to collect wild seeds or purchase seeds will also impact species choice and genetic diversity, which can have cascading effects for functional goals. To ensure seedling establishment, seed dormancy should be addressed through dormancy breaking treatments and the potentially narrow germination requirements of some species will require targeted sowing timing and location to align with safe sites. Other seed enhancements such as priming and coatings are poorly developed for wetland restoration and their potential for improving establishment is unknown. Because wetlands are highly invasion prone, potential invaders and their legacies should be addressed. Seeding densities should strike a balance between outcompeting invaders and preserving valuable seed resources. Invader control and long-term monitoring is key to improving revegetation and restoration. Here, we review scientific advances to improve revegetation outcomes, and provide methods and recommendations to help achieve the desired goals. Gaps in knowledge about seed-based wetland restoration currently exist, however, and untested practices will certainly increase risks in future efforts. These efforts can be used to better understand the ecological, genetic, and evolutionary processes related to wetland seeds, which will bring us one step closer to seed-based restoration of functions and services needed for human and ecological communities.

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Seed bank of seasonally flooded grassland: experimental simulation of flood and post-flood

et al. 2017

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Wetland seed banks comprise the propagules of plant species that have species-specific germination requirements for germination in either flooded or dry conditions. At the community level, wetland structure and succession during and after a seasonal flooding event depends upon the early lifehistory requirements of species, including germination under flooded and dry conditions. We examined the effects of simulated flood and post-flood scenarios on seedling emergence from a seed bank of seasonally flooded grassland in the Pantanal, Brazil. Field samplings were conducted in both wet and dry seasons, both of which were subject to flood and post-flood conditions. A total of 70 species emerged from the seed bank, dominated by Poaceae and Cyperaceae. Sixteen species were exclusive to the wet and one exclusive to the dry season. The richness of perennial species was higher under flood conditions, while the richness of annuals was greater postflood. In general, the aquatic and amphibious species exhibited a significant germination response to flooding. Terrestrial species only germinated in post-flood conditions, with higher richness in the dry season. Four species had high seedling abundance in both treatments. The capacity of regeneration by seeds is high in these grasslands and can be increased by

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Seed Collection and Germination Strategies for Common Wetland and Coastal Sage Scrub Species in Southern California

Cited by 8 publications

References 50 publications

The Worldwide Spread, Success, and Impact of Ragweed (Ambrosiaspp.)

The Worldwide Spread, Success, and Impact of Ragweed (Ambrosiaspp.)

Need to Seed? Ecological, Genetic, and Evolutionary Keys to Seed-Based Wetland Restoration

Seed bank of seasonally flooded grassland: experimental simulation of flood and post-flood

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