Seed collection, storage, and germination practices may affect<i>Viola</i>reintroduction outcomes

Kilgore, Sam; Havens, Kayri; Kramer, Andrea T.; Lythgoe, Ashlyn; Mackechnie, Linda; Vitis, Marcello De

doi:10.3368/npj.23.1.40

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Numerous factors can influence the ability to successfully procure and use seeds to support plant reintroductions, including challenges with seed collection, storage, and germination [ 31 , 42 ]. Therefore, when seeds are available, and confirmed to be viable by, e.g., biochemical 2,3,5-tryphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) test [ 43 ] and proved to be at good quality by, e.g., X-ray imaging [ 44 , 45 ], the next valid issue that requires an answer is the accessibility of the germination and dormancy breaking protocols if seeds become dormant upon maturation.…”

Section: Important Questions That Need To Be Addressed Prior To Seed ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was a difference in optimal germination temperature for seeds produced by Vicia sativa L. cultivars collected at a different elevations above sea level [ 51 ]. Species-specific dormancy alleviation protocols were reported for Violaceae , as some species required cold stratification while others responded to other procedures such as pretreatment with gibberellic acid and priming [ 42 ]. Thus, it is well known that dormancy alleviation and germination stimulation may vary between individual plants from one population, from year to year, and between sites of production which is attributed to differences in environmental factors before and during seed maturation [ 47 , 49 , 50 , 51 ].…”

Section: Important Questions That Need To Be Addressed Prior To Seed ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Choosing the Right Path for the Successful Storage of Seeds

Trusiak

Plitta-Michalak

Michalak

2022

Plants

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Seeds are the most commonly used source of storage material to preserve the genetic diversity of plants. However, prior to the deposition of seeds in gene banks, several questions need to be addressed. Here, we illustrate the scheme that can be used to ensure that the most optimal conditions are identified to enable the long-term storage of seeds. The main questions that need to be answered pertain to the production of viable seeds by plants, the availability of proper protocols for dormancy alleviation and germination, seed tolerance to desiccation and cold storage at −20 °C. Finally, it is very important to fully understand the capability or lack thereof for seeds or their explants to tolerate cryogenic conditions. The proper storage regimes for orthodox, intermediate and recalcitrant seeds are discussed.

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Section: Important Questions That Need To Be Addressed Prior To Seed ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Important Questions That Need To Be Addressed Prior To Seed ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Choosing the Right Path for the Successful Storage of Seeds

Trusiak

Plitta-Michalak

Michalak

2022

Plants

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“…States prairie habitats and exhibit seed dormancy traits that have posed a challenge to achieving optimal germination for propagation purposes (Kilgore et al, 2022). We germinated seeds sourced from local conservation nurseries by exposing them to either a short or long cold stratification treatment for a single generation in controlled conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…to a long cold stratification pretreatment than a shorter cold stratification (De Vitis et al in prep. ;Kilgore et al, 2022). Given this almost linear correlation between the duration of the cold stratification and the proportion of germinating seeds, selecting for a short cold stratification will include fewer individuals and is, therefore, likely to impose both a genetic bottleneck and selection for genotypes with shallower physiological dormancy leading to a decrease in genetic diversity (e.g., Figure 1c).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, V. lanceolata had higher genetic diversity in the short subpopulation and it is the only species whose wild sourced seeds can germinate at high rates (40%) with no cold stratification pretreatment (De Vitis et al in prep. ;Kilgore et al, 2022), which may help explain why there was little effect of the duration of cold stratification on genetic diversity. Given this larger germination niche breadth, we might expect that genetic diversity would be equivalent in the short and long subpopulations, as the same genotypes should be represented in both groups.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Species‐specific effects of production practices on genetic diversity in plant reintroduction programs

Diaz‐Martin,

De Vitis,

Havens

et al. 2023

Evolutionary Applications

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Plant production practices can influence the genetic diversity of cultivated plant materials and, ultimately, their potential to adapt to a reintroduction site. A common step in the plant production process is the application of seed pretreatment to alleviate physiological seed dormancy and successfully germinate seeds. In production settings, the seeds that germinate more rapidly may be favored in order to fill plant quotas. In this study, we investigated how the application of cold‐moist stratification treatments with different durations can lead to differences in the genetic diversity of the propagated plant materials. Specifically, we exposed seeds of three Viola species to two different cold stratification durations, and then we analyzed the genetic diversity of the resulting subpopulations through double‐digestion restriction site‐associated sequencing (ddRADseq). Our results show that, in two out of three species, utilizing a short stratification period will decrease the genetic diversity of neutral and expressed loci, likely due to the imposition of a genetic bottleneck and artificial selection. We conclude that, in some species, the use of minimal stratification practices in production may jeopardize the adaptive potential and long‐term persistence of reintroduced populations and suggest that practitioners carefully consider the evolutionary implications of their production protocols. We highlight the need to consider the germination ecology of target species when selecting the length of dormancy‐breaking pretreatments.

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Common, showy, and perennial species dominate a restoration species pool

Kaul

Barash

Albrecht

2023

Restoration Ecology

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Native seed vendors are a primary source of germplasm for restoration projects; however, most plant species are not commercially available. Preferences in the types of species that vendors grow and sell may limit the similarity between reference communities and reconstructed ones established from seed mixes. We tested whether a restoration species pool shows preference for certain groups of species, focusing on the Ozark Highland Ecoregion (midcontinent United States). We identified the pool of 1,082 candidate herbaceous plant species appropriate for restoration projects on upland habitats in this region, and then surveyed nine regional seed vendors to assess their commercial availability. Commercially available species were more likely to be forbs over graminoids, perennials over annuals, and common species with larger ranges and moderate conservatism scores. Within forbs, taller species and those with longer bloom durations were favored. Species with affinity to open habitats (e.g. grassland) were more likely to be available from multiple vendors than those from woodlands and forests. Encouragingly, 454 (42%) of the species in this regional pool were available. However, this means that most species in the region are not likely to be included in seed mixes, unless they are hand‐collected from remnant populations. This restoration pool favors common and showy species, which is consistent with previous studies showing these kinds of species tend to dominate seed mixes and restored plant communities. We identified 39 species that were not available from any of the vendors surveyed, which we recommend as candidates for expansion of the Ozark restoration species pool.

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Seed collection, storage, and germination practices may affectViolareintroduction outcomes

Abstract: Viola pedatifida G. Don (prairie violet) fruits and seeds. Fruit split open with seeds ready to ballistically disperse (center of photo) and fruit pointed upward ready to be collected (to the right).

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Choosing the Right Path for the Successful Storage of Seeds

Choosing the Right Path for the Successful Storage of Seeds

Species‐specific effects of production practices on genetic diversity in plant reintroduction programs

Common, showy, and perennial species dominate a restoration species pool

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