Seed curvature as a useful marker to transfer morphologic, agronomic, chemical and sensory traits from Ganxet common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Abstract

t r a c tThe Ganxet bean is a highly appreciated landrace characterized by markedly curved seeds, high protein content, low seed-coat perceptibility, and low mealiness. To analyze the genetic control of seed curvature and of morphological, agronomical, chemical, and sensory traits related to high quality in these beans, we used an Additive, Dominance, and Additive × Additive model applied to Ganxet and Faba Asturiana varieties, their F 1 , F 2 , BC 1 P 1 , and BC 1 P 2 progenies. The narrow-sense heritability (h 2 ) of seed curvature was 0.72. The h 2 of the number of seeds per pod was 0.75. The h 2 of area and length of the seed were 0.55 and 0.60, respectively. The h 2 for seed width, 100-seed weight, pod length, Mg content, and sensory traits mealiness, seed-coat roughness and seedcoat perceptibility, ranged from 0.3 to 0.4. Seed curvature behaved like a continuously variable trait that is probably controlled by 3 loci. The expression of this trait depends partly on the environment, and its expression is greatest in environments that favor larger seeds. Seed curvature also had strong additive genetic correlations with protein content (positive) and with mealiness (negative).Given the ease of determining seed curvature and its apparently simple control, this trait could be used as an easy-to-select morphological marker to transfer high protein content and low mealiness to other varieties by backcross procedures, regardless of whether the correlation between traits is due to pleiotropic or linkage effects.© 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. IntroductionBeans are the most important legume in the human diet (Broughton et al., 2003). They are consumed throughout the world, but especially in developing countries (Shimelis and Rakshit, 2005). Beans are nutritious, having 2 or 3 times as much protein as cereals (Siddiq and Uebersax, 2013), and are easily adapted to many environments. In developed countries, there is a growing interest in beans due to their nutraceutical properties (Hayat et al., 2014) and importance in crop rotation. However, if beans are to regain a predominant role in developed countries' diets, their nutritional and environmental strengths must be accompanied by improvements in culinary and sensory characteristics (cooking time, seed-coat Abbreviation: ADAA, additive dominance and additive × additive. * Corresponding author.E-mail addresses: ana.rivera@upc.edu, riverpertu@hotmail.com (A. Rivera).perception, aroma, flavor, mealiness, breakage during cooking) to appeal to increasingly demanding consumers (Casañas et al., 2006;Ghasemlou et al., 2013;Mkanda et al., 2007). Thus, the challenge is to obtain varieties that meet nutritional needs while fulfilling consumers' sensory demands. To meet this challenge, landraces can provide excellent starting material for breeding programs because some of them retain great sensory and nutritional potential.The Ganxet landrace derives from the Mesoamerican gene pool (Sánchez et al., 2007) and is cultivated in Catalonia (northeastern Spain). Ganxet seeds are white,...

Characterization of functional properties of proteins from Ganxet beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Ganxet) isolated using an ultrasound-assisted methodology

“…The total protein content of Ganxet beans was calculated as 24.7 ± 0.4% which is in the range -29% previously reported by Rivera et al (2015). Similar protein contents were reported previously for other pulses including faba beans, lentils, and lupins (Boye, Zare, & Pletch, 2010;Lizarazo et al, 2015).…”

“…Dry seeds of common beans are excellent protein sources. Indeed their protein content can be up to three fold higher than in cereals (Rivera, Roselló, & Casañas, 2015) and contribute to approximately 6 g of protein per capita and per day in several developing countries (Luna-Vital, Mojica, González de Mejía, Mendoza, & Loarca-Piña, 2015). Ganxet beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var.…”

“…Ganxet) are easily recognized for the squashed and hooked shape of their seeds and are one of the most prestigious bean landraces cultivated in Europe. Indeed, the Ganxet bean has Protected Designation of Origin status from the EU (EU, 2011) and is known for its high protein content, which ranges between 24 and 29% (Rivera et al, 2015).…”

Assessment of variation in seed morphological traits in Phaseolus sp. landraces from western Anatolia

“…Rivera and collab. investigated seed curvature in Spanish local Ganxet common beans and concluded that easy to measure seed curvature being under a simple genetic control could be used as a marker to transfer high protein content and mealiness to other cultivars by backcross procedures [RIVERA et al, 2015] .…”

“…Local landraces with proven qualities and rich diversity up to the consumer demands may serve a good starting material in the breeding programs [RIVERA et al, 2015] . In Turkey, local heirloom dry beans have been grown in response to a constant demand by costumers for their quality and seed traits.…”