Seed dormancy in <i>Trillium camschatcense</i> (Melanthiaceae) and the possible roles of light and temperature requirements for seed germination in forests

Kondo, Tetsuya; Mikubo, Makoto; Yamada, K.; Walck, Jeffrey L.; Hidayati, Siti N.

doi:10.3732/ajb.1000151

Cited by 34 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Intermediate and deep simple MPD are discarded because once the embryo growth occurs, seeds do not need cold exposition to emerge the radicle (Figure 1). Deep simple double MPD can be discarded too, because in this level shoot emergence only occurs after the second winter (Kondo et al, 2011). The embryo growth patterns observed in laboratory trials are corroborated by the phenological tests under closed natural conditions in the non-heated frame shadehouse (Figures 1 and 2).…”

Section: Induction Of Dormancy By Low Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 59%

Germination ecology of the endemic Iberian daffodil Narcissus radinganorum (Amaryllidaceae). Dormancy induction by cold stratification or desiccation in late stages of embryo growth

Sanz

Carreño

et al. 2015

For. syst.

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Aim of study: We studied the germination ecology of a threatened daffodil in order to develop a protocol to produce plants ex-situ from seeds, a key tool for population reinforcement.Area of study: Experiments were carried out both outdoors and in the laboratory in Albacete (Spain).Material and methods: Embryo length, radicle and shoot emergence were analyzed to determine the level of morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). Effects on germination of cold stratification or desiccation in late stages of embryo growth were also studied.Main results: Mean embryo length in fresh seeds was 1.36 mm, needing to grow up to 2.20 mm to be able to germinate. In the laboratory, embryo growth occurred during warm stratification (28/14, 25/10ºC), and then radicle emerged when temperatures went down (15/4ºC in darkness). Phenology study in outdoors conditions revealed that embryo grew during summer-early autumn, short time after seed dispersal in nature (i.e., May); radicle emerged in autumn. The shoot however did not emerge until late winter-early spring, because it was physiologically dormant and required a cold (5ºC) period of 30 days to break dormancy. Early cold temperatures interrupted the embryo growth and induced dormancy in seeds whose embryo had grown 30% with respect to the initial length. Desiccation in seeds whose embryo had grown 30% did not induce dormancy, but did it when the embryo growth reached 70%.Research highlights: Seeds of Narcissus radinganorum have deep simple epicotyl MPD.Key words: dormancy break; radicle emergence; shoot emergence; epicotyl MPD; phenology; secondary dormancy.

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Section: Induction Of Dormancy By Low Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 59%

Germination ecology of the endemic Iberian daffodil Narcissus radinganorum (Amaryllidaceae). Dormancy induction by cold stratification or desiccation in late stages of embryo growth

Sanz

Carreño

et al. 2015

For. syst.

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“…Embryos in seeds of Melanthiaceae have been observed to be small in relation to the size of the endosperm (Baskin and Baskin, 1988;Baskin et al, 2001;Kondo et al, 2011). In Trillium camschatcense, seeds had underdeveloped embryos at dispersal and took more than 1 year before radicle emergence occurred in the field conditions, and were therefore classified as having MPD (Kondo et al, 2011). It has also been observed that seeds of several species such as T. flexipes, T. sessile (Baskin and Baskin, 1988), and Chamaelirium luteum (Baskin et al, 2001) had MPD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…According to Baskin and Baskin (1998), rudimentary or small, linear embryos must elongate before germination occurs; thus, the seeds generally are referred to as having underdeveloped embryos. Previous studies showed that seeds of Melanthiaceae had small, underdeveloped embryos (Baskin and Baskin, 1988;Baskin et al, 2001;Kondo et al, 2011;Martin, 1946 Seeds of H. koreana and H. tubiflora were collected on 20 May 2012 and 18 June 2012, respectively, and soaked in 0, 10, 100, or 1,000 mg･L -1 GA3 for 24 h at room temperature before incubation at 15/6°C and 25/15°C in a 12-h light/dark photoperiod. In H. koreana, seeds collected on 6 June 2013 were incubated at constant 25°C, placed on filter paper (Whatman No.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Copete et al (2011), seed dormancy has only been identified in five species. Embryos in seeds of Melanthiaceae have been observed to be small in relation to the size of the endosperm (Baskin and Baskin, 1988;Baskin et al, 2001;Kondo et al, 2011). In Trillium camschatcense, seeds had underdeveloped embryos at dispersal and took more than 1 year before radicle emergence occurred in the field conditions, and were therefore classified as having MPD (Kondo et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Underdeveloped Embryos and Dormancy Type in Seeds of Two Heloniopsis Species Endemic to Korea

Lee¹,

Rhie²,

Kim³

2014

HST

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Heloniopsis koreana and Heloniopsis tubiflora (Melanthiaceae) are endemic herbaceous species of the Korean Peninsula. The Melanthiaceae family has been described as having seeds with small, underdeveloped embryos at the time of dispersal, and morphological (MD) or morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). However, there are few reports on embryo growth, morphology, and seed germination in Heloniopsis species. The aims of this study were to investigate embryo growth and seed dormancy, and to determine the type of dormancy exhibited by these species. The effects of incubation temperatures, light conditions, and gibberellic acid (GA3) on dormancy break and seed germination were tested. Freshly matured seeds of the two species had small embryos that occupied about 9-11% of the length of the endosperm, and which increased by more than 300% in length before radicle emergence, indicating that the embryos are underdeveloped at the time of dispersal. Embryos in the seeds grew under warm temperature regimes (between 25/15°C and 30/20°C). GA3 application (tested only in the light) overcame seed dormancy and promoted germination. Approximately 30% of the seeds of H. koreana and approximately 40% of the seeds of H. tubiflora germinated in suitable environmental conditions (light and temperature) within 4 weeks. Therefore, 30-40% of the seeds of the two species exhibited MD, and the rest of the seeds had non-deep simple MPD. Light was found to be one of the critical factors for germination because no seed of either of the two Heloniopsis species germinated under constant dark conditions, and thus, these species have the potential to form a persistent soil seed bank. Understanding these germination requirements will help in development of effective strategies to increase the establishment of seedlings in their native habitat.

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“…백합과의 Erythronium japonicum (Kondo et al, 2002), E. grandiflorum (Martin, 1946), Trillium camschatcense (Kondo et al, 2011), 그리고 미나리 아재비과의 Helleborus niger (Niimi et al, 2006), Hepatica nobilis (Nomizu et al, 2004), Aconitum lycoctonum ( 등에서 이에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다 (Lee et al, 2003(Lee et al, , 2011(Lee et al, , 2012Rhie et al, 2010 (Walk et al, 1999). Pericarp in seeds of three Thalictrum species and caudal appendage in seeds of two Heloniopsis species were not included for calculating E:S ratio.…”

Section: 온대지방에 자생하는 많은 백합과(Liliaceae)와 미나리아 재비과(Ranunculaceae) 식물들은 미mentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Morphophysiological Dormancy in Seeds of Two Genera (Heloniopsis and Thalictrum) Native to Korea

Lee¹,

Rhie²,

Jung³

et al. 2014

HST

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This study was conducted to find basic information for the research of morphological dormancy in seeds of two genera (Heloniopsis and Thalictrum) native to Korea. Seeds of Heloniopsis koreana, Heloniopsis tubiflora, Thalictrum rochenbrunianum, Thalictrum uchiyamai, and Thalictrum coreanum were collected, and embryo morphology and seed germination were investigated. All seeds of five species had underdeveloped embryos which occupied about 10-20% of the full seed length at maturity. The seeds of H. koreana and H. tubiflora had rudimentary embryos. The seeds of T. rochenbrunianum, T. uchiyamai, and T. coreanum had intermediate type between rudimentary and linear embryo. The small embryos of all seeds of five species grew to a critical length before radicles emerge from the seeds. At 30 days after sowing, the seeds of H. koreana and H. tubiflora germinated to 22.7% and 40.7%, respectively. On the other hand, the seeds of T. rochenbrunianum, T. uchiyamai, and T. coreanum germinated to 12.5%, 3.3%, and 0%, respectively. If embryo growth and germination in seeds are completed in approximately 30 days, the seed are said to have morphological dormancy (MD). However, if the seeds require > 30 days for germination, they are considered to have morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). Thus, the seeds of H. koreana and H. tubiflora had about 78% and 60% MPD, respectively. On the other hand, the seeds of T. rochenbrunianum, T. uchiyamai, amd T. coreanum had about 87%, 96%, and 100% MPD, respectively. There was a different level of dormancy (MD and MPD) within the same seed population examined. Therefore, germination of the seeds was delayed due to the underdeveloped embryos. This result could contribute to determine morphological seed dormancy and germination mechanism in seeds of the Korean Peninsula.

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Seed dormancy in Trillium camschatcense (Melanthiaceae) and the possible roles of light and temperature requirements for seed germination in forests

Cited by 34 publications

References 49 publications

Germination ecology of the endemic Iberian daffodil Narcissus radinganorum (Amaryllidaceae). Dormancy induction by cold stratification or desiccation in late stages of embryo growth

Germination ecology of the endemic Iberian daffodil Narcissus radinganorum (Amaryllidaceae). Dormancy induction by cold stratification or desiccation in late stages of embryo growth

Underdeveloped Embryos and Dormancy Type in Seeds of Two Heloniopsis Species Endemic to Korea

Morphological and Morphophysiological Dormancy in Seeds of Two Genera (Heloniopsis and Thalictrum) Native to Korea

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