Seed dynamics linked to variability in movement of tidal water

Chang, E. R.; Veeneklaas, Roos M.; Bakker, Jan P.

doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2007.tb02536.x

Cited by 48 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Once waterlogged, many seeds will tend to remain at a microsite unless they are dislodged by wave action, as occurs during storms. On the salt marsh of Schiermonnikoog, the highest density and diversity of seeds captured by traps during secondary dispersal were found during a stormy period (Chang, Veeneklaas & Bakker 2007). After the last storm of the season, there may be some localized dispersal but many seeds will be retained at microsites, especially if located in dense vegetation, thus setting the template for seedling establishment or incorporation into the soil seed bank.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

To move or not to move: determinants of seed retention in a tidal marsh

et al. 2008

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Summary 1.The effects of moisture conditions, seed morphology, vegetation structure and hydrodynamic variables on seed retention were examined in a system where the dominant dispersal agent is water. Experiments were conducted in a tidal salt marsh and in a flume facility where hydrodynamic variables could be controlled. 2. Moisture condition of seeds greatly influenced which factors were most important in determining seed retention. Seed type (buoyancy) was the most important factor when seeds were dry with seeds possessing very low floating capacity ( Plantago maritima ) being retained in greater numbers than seeds with intermediate floating capacities ( Suaeda maritima and Elytrigia atherica ). 3. In contrast, hydrodynamic variables dominated retention processes when seeds were waterlogged. The application of waves in addition to flow velocity dislodged more seeds than flow velocity alone. 4. Vegetation structure influenced retention in both dry and wet conditions but less so than other factors. Denser, less rigid vegetation types retained greater numbers of seeds than more open, more rigid vegetation types. 5. Results suggest that buoyancy traits appear to determine whether seeds move in the drier summer and autumn months after initial detachment from parent plants but the intensity of wave action will determine whether waterlogged seeds stay in a microsite during the wetter months of late autumn to early spring.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

To move or not to move: determinants of seed retention in a tidal marsh

et al. 2008

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“…Furthermore, bi-directional hydrochory associated with the storm surge and its subsequent recession from terrestrial areas provides unique dispersal opportunities. Viable propagules can raft with tidal waters and storm surge (Chang et al 2007), resulting in seeds being deposited more inland. These dispersal mechanisms may allow for coastal plant migration and landward establishment in response to future sea level rise scenarios (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community disassembly and reassembly following experimental storm surge and wrack application

Tate

Battaglia

2012

J Vegetation Science

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Questions The structure of coastal vegetation could be altered by a regime of more intense hurricanes stemming from global climate change: (1) How do plant communities and environmental conditions across an estuarine gradient change in relation to simulated storm surge and wrack deposition? and; (2) Are there differences in the magnitude of compositional shifts along an underlying soil water conductivity gradient? Location Coastal northwest Florida, USA. Methods Four plant communities spanning an estuarine gradient (brackish marsh, freshwater marsh, wetland forest and pine savanna) were surveyed prior to and following flooding with artificial seawater and manual application of wrack. Environmental data (soil water conductivity and light transmission to soil surface) were also collected before and after treatment applications. Soil samples for texture analysis were collected prior to experimental treatments. Results The storm surge treatment reduced cover of most species, causing browning and eventual loss of leaves, particularly in pine savanna species. Soil water conductivity remained elevated for 6 mo following the experimental storm surge in the wetland forest and pine savanna. Wrack deposition resulted in substantial mortality of underlying vegetation and reduced species richness in all communities. The composition of the pine savanna plant community shifted in response to experimental storm surge and wrack application, with ‘hardy’ species capable of resprouting becoming more abundant and sensitive species dropping out of the assemblage. Vegetation zones with high background soil salinity were more resilient to the effects of storm surge and wrack deposition. Conclusions The results suggest that the combined effects of storm surge and wrack deposition can drive compositional shifts, particularly in more upland assemblages. We conclude that vegetation consisting of species ‘naïve’ to increased salinity and/or burial by wrack are highly vulnerable to tropical storm intensification.

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“…In free-flowing rivers and tidal marshes, seed deposition is promoted by inundation (e.g. Middleton, 2000;Merritt & Wohl, 2002;Goodson et al, 2003;Vogt, Rasran & Jensen, 2006;Chang, Veeneklaas & Bakker, 2007). Furthermore, emergent obstacles, such as trees and logs, have been found to increase the density of deposited seeds (Schneider & Sharitz, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dispersal and deposition of hydrochorous plant seeds in drainage ditches

Soomers

Winkel

et al. 2010

Freshwater Biology

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1. Surface water is an important dispersal vector for wetland plant species. However, most previous studies on hydrochory (i.e. water dispersal) have focused on ecosystems with relatively rapid water flow. Therefore, there is a need to study such dispersal in slowflowing or stagnant waterbodies, such as drainage ditches, which might act as dispersal corridors between habitat patches. 2. To gain insight into the mechanisms by which seeds are transported in drainage ditches, the effect of the velocity of wind and water on the rate of transport of floating seeds of three wetland species (Carex pseudocyperus L., Iris pseudacorus L. and Sparganium erectum L.) was investigated. Furthermore, in release and retrace experiments with painted C. pseudocyperus seeds, a number of factors potentially determining the probability of seed deposition were investigated. 3. Net wind speed was found to be the main factor determining the rate at which seeds are transported in drainage ditches. No relation between water flow at middepth in the ditches and seed transport was found. Wind speed and flow at the water surface were positively related. The effect of wind speed on the rate of transport of floating seeds was greater for S. erectum seeds, because a greater ratio of their volume protrudes from the water, than for C. pseudocyperus and I. pseudacorus seeds. 4. The principal factors that determine seed deposition were aquatic plant cover, ditch slope and indentations in the ditch bank. Seeds changed direction if the wind direction changed, or if there was a bend in the ditch. The final pattern of deposition was related to mean net wind speed. Mean transport distance after 2 days varied between 34 and 451 m. 5. Unlike in rivers, seed transport in ditches was determined by wind speed and direction, enabling multidirectional seed dispersal. We conclude that in slow-flowing waters, wind is a more important driver for hydrochorous seed transport than the flow of water. This sheds a new light on hydrochory and has important consequences for the management of otherwise fragmented wetland remnants.

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Seed dynamics linked to variability in movement of tidal water

Cited by 48 publications

References 36 publications

To move or not to move: determinants of seed retention in a tidal marsh

To move or not to move: determinants of seed retention in a tidal marsh

Community disassembly and reassembly following experimental storm surge and wrack application

The dispersal and deposition of hydrochorous plant seeds in drainage ditches

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