Seed Productivity and Ecological Sustainability of Peas Villages

Abstract

The lack of information on the cultivation of varieties of peas, as fodder crops, for seeds, leads to low yields of its seeds with significant losses. Purpose of research. Therefore, the aim of our research was to analyze according to the State Register of Plant varieties suitable for growing in Ukraine in 2022. indicators of seed productivity, environmental sustainability and technological suitability for mechanized harvesting of winter and spring pea varieties. Research methods. The quality indicators of winter pea varieties (Vicia villosa Roth.) And spring (Vicia sativa L. spring) were analyzed according to a set of indicators: drought resistance (scores), disease resistance (scores), pest resistance (scores), resistance to lodging (points), winter hardiness (points), resistance to seed shedding (points), seed yield (c / ha). The score was performed according to the following gradation: 9 points - the highest stability; 1 point - the lowest stability. Resistance of pea plants to such diseases as ascochitosis, rust was evaluated and pest - pea seed. Research results. As of 2022, the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine includes three varieties of winter sowing peas and 25 varieties of spring sowing peas. Among the winter pea varieties included in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine in 2022, the highest seed yield and winter hardiness is Swan Song - 20.2 c / ha, the most drought-resistant are Swan Song and Pearl, the most resistant to disease are Neoplant variety, and before the lodging of plants - Pearl. Among the spring pea varieties, the most productive in terms of seed yield are Volodymyr - 24.5 c / ha, Ariadna, Nakhodka - 23.0 c / ha, New Belgrade - 22.0 c / ha and Bila Tserkva 10-22.8 c / ha. The most resistant to diseases are varieties Ozyryana, Pivdennobuzka, Dionis, Natalka, Ltava, Podilska rannya, Vesnyanka, Winner; before the drought - Nadiya Podillya, Podilska Rannya, Ltava, Vesnyanka, Natalka; before lying down - Ariadna, Natalka and Oziryana; before the seeds fall off - New Belgrade, Find, Ariadne, Ltava, Vesnyanka, Podilska early. Conclusions. Comparison of indicators of agroecological stability and seed productivity of winter and spring forms of sowing peas showed that in terms of drought resistance winter and spring varieties do not differ in average; in terms of resistance to diseases, spring pea varieties are 0.1 points more resistant than winter forms; resistance to lodging of the stem was 0.7 points higher in winter pea varieties than in spring forms; seed yield was 21.5% higher in spring forms, compared with winter, probably, winter peas provide higher yields of vegetative fodder base. Key words: sowing peas, seeds, varieties, productivity, ecological stability, manufacturability.