Seed set variation in wild<i>Clarkia</i>populations: teasing apart the effects of seasonal resource depletion, pollen quality, and pollen quantity

Hove, Alisa A.; Mazer, Susan J.; Ivey, Christopher T.

doi:10.1002/ece3.2372

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…Hove, Mazer, and Ivey () found little evidence of pollen‐limited seed set in C. unguiculata within the Lake Isabella Region (Kern and Tulare counties, California, USA) from 2008 to 2010. Fruits produced by pollen‐supplemented and open‐pollinated flowers consistently exhibited levels of seed set.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fruits produced by pollen‐supplemented and open‐pollinated flowers consistently exhibited levels of seed set. However, there was variation in pollen receipt and seed set within the open‐pollinated group, suggesting that some floral or inflorescence phenotypes were more attractive to pollinators than others (Hove et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While our study corroborates previous work that has shown that pollinators use green photoreceptors to distinguish flowers from leaves, the strong negative correlation between green and blue reflectance prevents us from determining whether there is truly an independent attractive function of blue reflectance or whether these color measurements are necessarily/developmentally correlated. Hove, Mazer, and Ivey (2016) that some floral or inflorescence phenotypes were more attractive to pollinators than others .…”

Section: Petal Color (Blue Green Uv)mentioning

confidence: 96%

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Sex‐specific floral attraction traits in a sequentially hermaphroditic species

Peach

Liu

Klitgaard

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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●Many angiosperms are hermaphroditic and produce bisexual flowers in which male (pollen export) and female (stigma receptivity) functions are separated temporally. This sequential hermaphroditism may be associated with variation in flower size, color, or pattern, all of which may influence pollinator attraction. In this study, we describe variation in these traits across discrete functional sex stages within and between 225 greenhouse‐grown individuals of Clarkia unguiculata (Onagraceae). In addition, to identify the effects of floral phenotype on pollinator attraction in this species, we examine the effects of these floral traits on pollen receipt in ~180 individuals in an experimental field array. ●Petal area, ultraviolet (UV)‐absorbing nectar guide area, and blue and green mean petal reflectance differ significantly across the functional sex stages of C. unguiculata. Male‐ and female‐phase flowers display significantly different pollinator attraction traits. Petal and UV nectar guide area increase as flowers progress from male phase to female phase, while blue reflectance and green reflectance peak during anther maturation. ●In field arrays of C. unguiculata, female‐phase flowers with large UV nectar guides receive more pollen than those with small nectar guides, and female‐phase flowers with high mean blue reflectance values are more likely to receive pollen than those with low blue reflectance. Female‐phase flowers with green mean reflectance values that differ most from background foliage also receive more pollen than those that are more similar to foliage. These findings indicate that components of flower color and pattern influence pollen receipt, independent of other plant attributes that may covary with floral traits. We discuss these results in the context of hypotheses that have been proposed to explain sex‐specific floral attraction traits, and we suggest future research that could improve our understanding of sexual dimorphism in sequentially hermaphroditic species and the evolution of features that promote outcrossing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Petal Color (Blue Green Uv)mentioning

confidence: 96%

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Sex‐specific floral attraction traits in a sequentially hermaphroditic species

Peach

Liu

Klitgaard

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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“…PL may be higher earlier in summer; abundances of social bees and wasps peak later than Scrophularia flowering, and data collected from 9–14 June 2016 did not show any compensating early season increase in solitary bee visits (D. M. Thomson, unpublished data). Conversely, resource limitation of seed production can increase through the flowering season (Hove, Mazer & Ivey, ). Years when I did supplemental pollen additions later showed lower capsule weights (Table ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of long‐term variation in pollinator abundance and diversity on reproduction of a generalist plant

Thomson

2018

Journal of Ecology

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Quantifying the benefits of pollinator abundance and diversity for plant reproduction is a critical challenge, especially given recent pollinator declines. Many studies test for pollen limitation (PL), but huge gaps remain in our understanding of how often and why plants experience PL. Most studies are limited to a few sites or years. Little existing research mechanistically links pollinator visitation with plant reproduction. Also, buffering against variability in visitation is a key but largely untested potential benefit of pollinator diversity. Long‐term studies pairing visitation data with PL experiments are essential to addressing these gaps, but extremely rare. I measured pollinator visitation, responses to pollen supplementation, and fruit weights in the generalist plant Scrophularia californica across multiple sites for 8 years. I determined how often S. californica experienced significant PL and tested mechanistic models predicting PL and fruit (capsule) weight from visitation. I then used those models to simulate pollinator loss and evaluate the relative effects of changes in visit quantity and quality. I explored the stabilizing benefits of visitor diversity by quantifying both covariation among pollinators and effects of simulated species loss on variation in PL and capsule weights. Scrophularia showed significant PL in only 26.9% of patch/year combinations tested. Visitation by the most abundant (Apis mellifera) and effective (Vespula pensylvanica) pollinators strongly predicted PL and capsule weights. Both response curves were highly nonlinear, but PL saturated more with increased visitation. Pollinator loss simulations predicted substantially increased PL and reduced capsule weights, mostly because of lower visit numbers rather than changes in visit quality. Visitation rates of individual pollinators varied substantially and without correlation. Simulated pollinator loss increased the spatial and temporal skew in visitation, resulting in higher predicted coefficients of variation for PL and capsule weights. Synthesis. Previous work predicts a nonlinear relationship between pollinator visitation and plant reproduction, but this is the first long‐term study I am aware of that quantifies such a pattern. The analysis of covariance in pollinator visitation combined with my simulation results provide novel empirical support for another important hypothesis, that multiple pollinators can provide stabilizing benefits for plant reproduction.

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“…Different factors, including pollen limitation, quality, and quantity, have been proposed to explain the variation in seed set among plants in a population (Burd, 1994; Hove et al, 2016). In the present study, variation in seed set among plants could be explained, on one hand, by differences in floral traits that affect attractiveness to pollinators and, on the other hand, by the relative number of visits each plant received from the three bee species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%