Seed survival of the tropical treeCryptocarya aschersoniana(Lauraceae): Consequences of habitat disturbance

Abstract

Seed survival in soil could be strongly influenced by habitat characteristics, but little is known about the behaviour of seeds sensitive to desiccation in seed banks installed in natural or disturbed habitats. Cryptocarya aschersoniana seeds disperse at the end of the rainy season but do not germinate immediately; thus, they may form seed banks in soil. This study evaluated the behaviour of C. aschersoniana seed banks induced in the natural environment of the species and in a disturbed area. Recently harvested C. aschersoniana germination units were characterized according to their water content, germination and viability. In 2011 and 2012, seed banks were established by burying samples of seeds in the understory of a semi-deciduous forest. In 2012, samples were also buried in a disturbed area. The seed banks were sampled at certain time intervals, and the samples were characterized as described above. Precipitation and air temperature data were collected. As a result, seeds in the seed bank established in the natural environment form a transient seed bank and showed the same behaviour in both years studied. A germination peak was observed starting 210 days after burial (coinciding with the onset of the rainy season) and reached germination percentages higher than 80% at the end of the experiment for both years. Seed mortality did not exceeded 28% in the natural environment. However, in the disturbed environment, the seeds lost their viability more rapidly, with 90% of the seeds becoming unviable 240 days after burial. Germinated seeds in the disturbed environment (maximum 21%) were not able to establish seedlings. These results underscore the importance of maintaining a natural, undisturbed forest for the conservation of this species.

Viability of recalcitrant Araucaria angustifolia seeds in storage and in a soil seed bank

“…A study in the same area as this research with desiccation-sensitive C. aschersoniana Mez. seeds, demonstrated that the formation of a transient seed bank is related to the preservation of the natural habitat of the species (Tonetti et al 2015). Similar behavior was observed in this study, implying that anthropization, (the adaption of an environment to meet human needs), negatively affects the establishment of species that produce desiccation-sensitive seeds.…”

“…The state of habitat conservation appears to be relevant for seed persistence in the soil. Cryptocarya aschersoniana Mez, a species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, produces recalcitrant seeds that form a transient seed bank; however, disturbed environments are unfavorable to the germination and regeneration of the species (Tonetti et al 2015).…”