Seed treatments alleviate dormancy of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensisL.)

Abstract

Field bindweed, a member of the Convolvulaceae family, is a problematic perennial weed in cotton fields and orchards in northwest China. The species exhibits strong seed dormancy, causing delayed germination. A clear understanding of the mechanisms involved in alleviating seed dormancy is important for effective plant propagation and successful management of field bindweed. Experiments were conducted to investigate seed germination and radicle growth of field bindweed by breaking seed dormancy using mechanical scarification, sulfuric acid, hot-water scarification, cold stratification, and chemical treatment. Chemical treatments (gibberellic acid or potassium nitrate) had no effect on breaking seed dormancy, whereas mechanical scarification (sandpaper and blade) resulted in 92% to 98% seed germination, indicating that seed dormancy of field bindweed was mainly due to the presence of a hard seed coat. Seeds pretreated with 80% sulfuric acid for 15 to 60 min or 98% sulfuric acid for 15 to 30 min had germination rates above 80%, and soaking seeds in 70 C water for 4 to 16 min or in boiling water for 5 to 20s were effective in breaking seed dormancy but had no effect on the radicle growth of field bindweed. Cold stratification at 5 C for 2 to 8wk partially accelerated seed dormancy release, resulting in 53% to 67% seed germination. Results indicated that field bindweed could potentially form a persistent soil seed bank with physically dormant seed; therefore, strategies for eliminating seed production should be adopted.

Dormancy Breaking Treatments in Northern Wild Rice (Zizania palustris L.) Seed Suggest a Physiological Source of Dormancy

“…At 1 week post-harvest, the sulfuric acid treated seed had significantly higher germination than NaClO or water, when averaged across secondary treatments. Sulfuric acid is effective in breaking seed dormancy in a number of species with physical dormancy including field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.), Medicago spp., and Trifolium spp., among others (Balouchi and Sanavy, 2006;Kimura and A, 2012;Baskin and Baskin, 2014b;Xiong et al, 2018). No NaClO treated seed germinated at this timepoint, perhaps indicating that NaClO was not sufficient to break through or weaken the seed coats at their thickest point during the dormancy period to allow imbibition to take place.…”

“…Additionally, only a handful of these studies have been conducted early in the dormancy period, during which maximal inhibition would be present. Finally, previous studies have not evaluated the use of sulfuric acid as a means of weakening the pericarp of NWR, despite its use in other species (Li et al, 1999;Purohit et al, 2015;Lata et al, 2018;Xiong et al, 2018).…”

Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis): “all tied up”

“…Field bindweed seeds are impermeable to water and can remain viable in the soil for many years (Brown and Porter 1942;Gehan Jayasuriya et al 2008;Rolston 1978;Sripleng and Smith 1960;Timmons 1949;Whitesides 1979). Dormancy can be alleviated in the laboratory in several Sosnoskie et al: Field bindweed ways, including cold stratification, mechanical scarification, and treatment with sulfuric acid or boiling water; under field conditions, mechanical abrasion via soil disturbance and temperature fluctuations are likely responsible for mitigating dormancy (Brown and Porter 1942;Rolston 1978;Xiong et al 2018).…”

Possibility of spreading weeds with oil radish seeds

“…Опасность заноса вьюнка с семенами редьки заключается в особенностях биологии его семян. Они обладают «твердосемянностью» (физическим типом покоя), могут долгое время сохранять жизнеспособность и находиться в составе почвенного банка семян [14,16].…”

“…Для оценки целесообразности использования семян сидератов, засоренных вьюнком полевым, актуальным является изучение жизнеспособности семян вьюнка, попадающих в почву при посеве. Рекомендуют различные способы выведения семян вьюнка полевого из покоя (механическая скарификация, гидротермическое воздействие) [16]. Авторы использовали эффективный способ выведения семян вьюнка из покоя: гидротермическое воздействие путем ошпаривания семян кипятком в течение 1 минуты.…”