Seed Viability of Heracleum mantegazzianum (Apiaceae) Is Quickly Reduced at Temperatures Prevailing in Biogas Plants

Tanke, Anja; Müller, Jürgen; Mol, Friederike de

doi:10.3390/agronomy9060332

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Moreover, surprisingly, an increase in observed viability occurred in two of the less resistant species when exposed to WB: in A. theophrasti at the end of exposure and in C. album at the beginning. Similar increases in viability or germinability were observed for other species in WB [15,32,36,54] and ER treatments [20,25,29,31,32]. Increased germinability was explained by breaking the dormancy and initiation of germination [25,29,32].…”

Section: Factors Inactivating Seedssupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Process temperatures varied from 30 to 55 • C, and seeds were exposed to AD for between 1 h [34] and 155 days [27]. In addition to tests in reactors or reactor like systems, there are studies that have estimated seed survival in AD using lower-cost water-bath experiments (e.g., [36]). They are based on the premise that seeds survive AD mainly due to thermoresistance (cf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mesophilic, Anaerobic Digestion in a Full-Scale, Commercial Biogas Reactor Kills Seeds More Efficiently than Lab-Scale Systems

et al. 2023

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When plant biomass is anaerobically digested, seeds may survive the energy production process and contaminate the digestate. Hard-seeded (HS), i.e., physically dormant, species were found to be difficult to inactivate. Here, we aimed to verify this finding from lab-scale experimental reactors (ERs) in a full-scale commercial reactor (CR). In addition, we tested seed survival in a pH-buffered water bath (WB). Seeds were exposed to CR, ER and WB treatments at 42 °C for a maximum of 36 days. The viability of seeds was checked by measuring germination and response to tetrazolium staining and modeled as a function of exposure time using a dose–response approach. CR killed seeds more effectively than ER and WB treatments. The non-HS reference species, Chenopodium album, was completely inactivated by all treatments. Responses of the HS species ranged from complete inactivation to complete insensitivity. The most resistant was Malva sylvestris. The least resistant species were inactivated mainly by temperature, while additional mortality factors were effective in the more resistant species. We concluded that mesophilic AD in CRs can reduce the risk of seed contamination in the digestate for non-HS but not for HS species. Moreover, WB treatments seem suitable to estimate the minimum mortality of non-HS species in CR.

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Section: Factors Inactivating Seedssupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesophilic, Anaerobic Digestion in a Full-Scale, Commercial Biogas Reactor Kills Seeds More Efficiently than Lab-Scale Systems

et al. 2023

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“…This means that the total observed viability of the seed lot increased compared to the untreated control. The only study we know of that attempts to explain a similar result examined Heracleum mantegazzianum SOMMIER & LEVIER (giant hogweed) in a water bath at 35 • C (Tanke et al, 2019). The authors attributed the increase in seed viability after 12 h to insufficient hydration of previously dry-stored control seeds.…”

Section: Particularly Anaerobic Digestion-resistant Hardseeded Speciesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Viability of Wildflower Seeds After Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion in Lab-Scale Biogas Reactors

et al. 2022

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The use of wildflower species as biogas feedstock carries the risk that their seeds survive anaerobic digestion (AD) and cause weed problems if spread with the digestate. Risk factors for seed survival in AD include low temperature, short exposure and hardseededness (HS). However, it is not possible to predict how AD will affect seed viability of previously unstudied species. In laboratory-scale reactors, we exposed seeds of eight species from a mixture of flowering wild plants intended as biogas feedstock and three reference species to AD at two mesophilic temperatures. Half of the species were HS, the other was non-HS (NHS). Viability was determined using a combination of tetrazolium and germination tests. Viability and germinability were modeled as functions of exposure time using a dose-response approach. Responses to AD varied considerably among species, and none of the considered influencing factors (time, temperature, HS) had a consistent effect. Seed lots of a species differed in inactivation times and seed-killing efficacy. The HS species Melilotus officinalis, Melilotus albus, and Malva sylvestris were particularly AD-resistant. They were the only ones that exhibited biphasic viability curves and tended to survive and germinate more at 42°C than at 35°C. Viability of the remaining species declined in a sigmoidal curve. Most NHS species were inactivated within a few days (Cichorium intybus, Daucus carota, Echium vulgare, and Verbascum thapsus), while HS species survived longer (Malva alcea). AD stimulated germination in the HS species A. theophrasti and its AD-resistance overlapped with that of the most resistant NHS species, C. album and tomato. In all seed lots, germinability was lost faster than viability, implying that mainly dormant seeds survived. After the maximum exposure time of 36 days, seeds of HS species and Chenopodium album were still viable. We concluded that viability responses to mesophilic AD were determined by the interplay of AD-conditions and species- and seed-lot-specific traits, of which HS was an important but only one factor. For the use of wildflowers as biogas feedstock, we recommended long retention times and special care with regard to HS species.

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“…Seed germination under laboratory conditions was very high: 71-94% in different temperature regimes [235]. Having a huge reproductive capacity, one plant produced 5-20 thousand seeds per year and occasionally even 50,000 [236], which could germinate for 5-6 years, showing seasonal dynamics [237][238][239][240] and long survival in soil despite unfavorable factors [241][242][243]. Seeds were easily spread by wind, the surface of water, birds, and vehicles [244,245].…”

Section: Hsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasion of the Giant Hogweed and the Sosnowsky’s Hogweed as a Multidisciplinary Problem with Unknown Future—A Review

Grzędzicka

2022

Earth

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Caucasian hogweeds are plants introduced to Europe from the Caucasus area. This review concerns the two most common ones—the giant hogweed Heracleum mantegazzianum and the Sosnowsky’s hogweed Heracleum sosnowskyi. The first of them was imported as garden decorations from the 19th century, mainly to Western Europe, while the second one was introduced from the mid–20th century to agricultural areas in Eastern Europe. Nowadays, these two species create one of the most problematic invasions in the world. This review aimed to synthesize research on those invaders based on 277 articles selected from the “Scopus” database. Most of the articles concerned their extensive distribution, at least on a continental scale and the rapid dispersal. The reviewed research showed that the complex physicochemical properties of hogweeds tissues and secretions significantly affected insects, aphids, ants, nematodes, fungi, soil microorganisms, plant communities, birds, and many other components of the ecosystems. This knowledge turned out to be disproportionately small to the scale of the problem. The review also showed what ecological traits of hogweeds were responsible for their wide and various role in the environment. Thus far, no effective method to eradicate Caucasian hogweeds has been found. This could be a growing mistake, given that they are probably during the rapid evolutionary changes within the range of their invasion.

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Seed Viability of Heracleum mantegazzianum (Apiaceae) Is Quickly Reduced at Temperatures Prevailing in Biogas Plants

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

Mesophilic, Anaerobic Digestion in a Full-Scale, Commercial Biogas Reactor Kills Seeds More Efficiently than Lab-Scale Systems

Mesophilic, Anaerobic Digestion in a Full-Scale, Commercial Biogas Reactor Kills Seeds More Efficiently than Lab-Scale Systems

Viability of Wildflower Seeds After Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion in Lab-Scale Biogas Reactors

Invasion of the Giant Hogweed and the Sosnowsky’s Hogweed as a Multidisciplinary Problem with Unknown Future—A Review

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