“…These complex relationships need nonlinear methods such as artificial neural networks (ANN), genetic expression programming (GEP), adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), or Bayesian classification (BC) to overcome the drawbacks of linear methods (Goel, Bapat, Vyas, Tambe, & Tambe, ; Iquebal et al, ; Khoshnevisan, Rafiee, & Mousazadeh, ; Samadianfard, Nazemi, & Ashraf Sadraddini, ; Silva et al, ; Zeng, Xu, Wu, & Huang, ). In the last few decades, ANN have been widely used to predict SY in different crops like soybean, corn (Kaul, Hill, & Walthall, ), rice (Ji, Sun, Yang, & Wan, ), wheat (Alvarez, ), barley (Gholipour, Rohani, & Torani, ), sunflower (Zeng et al, ), and sesame (Emamgholizadeh, Parsaeian, & Baradaran, ) as well as genomic selection (Yong‐Jun, Lei, Wang, & Chang‐Hong, ). However, the first ANN model was presented by McCulloch and Pitts () and later extended by others.…”