Seeding, Herbicide, and Fungicide Impact on Perennial Grass Establishment in Cheatgrass Infested Habitats

Ehlert, Krista A.; Mangold, Jane M.; Menalled, Fabián D.; Miller, Zachariah; Dyer, Alan T.

doi:10.3368/er.37.2.67

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Arid and semi-arid ecosystems comprise over one third of earth's terrestrial surface (Schlesinger et al, 1990), with many facing threat of exotic annual grass invasion (Brooks et al, 2004;D'Antonio & Vitousek, 1992). Annual grass invasions often lead to decreased plant and wildlife diversity through competition for soil moisture, accelerated fire cycles, and altered soil nutrient cycling (Bishop et al, 2019;Ehlert, 2019;Kerns & Day, 2017;Knapp, 1996;Peters & Bunting, 1994). The sagebrush steppe is an arid/semi-arid ecosystem in the United States vulnerable to invasion due to historic overgrazing (D'Antonio & Vitousek, 1992), altered fire regimes (Knapp, 1996), and fluctuations in precipitation patterns (Bradley & Mustard, 2005;Chambers et al, 2007;Davis et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide effects on the establishment of a native bunchgrass in annual grass invaded areas: Indaziflam versus imazapic

Terry

Madsen

Gill

et al. 2021

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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1. Annual grass invasion is transforming the western United States and driving a need for restoration techniques that can both reduce exotic annual grass abundance and allow revegetation of native species. Pre-emergent herbicides can provide control of annual grasses, but when applied concurrently with direct seeding efforts, the herbicide can also impact seeded species. Indaziflam is a relatively new herbicide that may provide extended control of exotic annual grasses, but little is known about its effects when applied at the time of seeding. 2. In this study, we compared indaziflam to imazapic, a popular herbicide used in restoration efforts, to understand how indaziflam affects plant establishment of a native species, bluebunch wheatgrass Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) Á. Löve. We created furrows on half our treatments to limit herbicide concentrations and potentially create a safe-site for seeding bluebunch wheatgrass. 3. During the 2-year study, indaziflam provided consistent control of the annual weed, downy brome Bromus tectorum L., whereas imazapic control decreased sharply with time. Indaziflam and imazapic decreased bluebunch wheatgrass seedling emergence by 96% and 46%, and 2-year plant density by 91% and 65%, respectively, compared to non-herbicide treatments. Both herbicides reduced aboveground biomass of bluebunch wheatgrass by over 85% 2 years after seeding/herbicide application. 4. Furrow treatments mitigated imazapic's effect on bluebunch wheatgrass, but did not limit the impacts by indaziflam. 5. Herbicide can be used in conjunction with direct seeding efforts, but mitigation of the effects to native seeds will depend on herbicide specifics such as mode of action and soil mobility.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide effects on the establishment of a native bunchgrass in annual grass invaded areas: Indaziflam versus imazapic

Terry

Madsen

Gill

et al. 2021

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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“…4 ). This not only supports continued control of invasive annual grasses but suggests if effort s are delayed or abandoned, the sites could return to prefire state of invasion in as few as 6 yr. Other studies have found comparable results when managing cheatgrass with imazapic herbicide ( Orloff et al 2015 ;Reed-Dustin et al 2018;Ehlert et al 2019 ). Exemplifying the difficulties of wicked problems, Orloff et al (2015) found strong site effects on recovery success and suggested that controlling invasive annual grasses may not be sufficient alone for recovery but that the overall plant community before disturbance may have a larger influence on the recovery trajectory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A Case for Adaptive Management of Rangelands’ Wicked Problems

Dittel,

Sanchez,

Ellsworth

et al. 2023

Rangeland Ecology & Management

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Nontarget effects of herbicides on annual forbs and seeded grass in the Great Basin, United States, are partially offset by planting depth and application rate

Shriver,

Tull,

Leger

2024

Restoration Ecology

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Pre‐emergent herbicides can reduce the abundance of invasive annual plants, but they can also harm native plants, particularly annuals or perennial seedlings, including seeds planted during restoration. We assessed the effects of imazapic and indaziflam on invasive target and nontarget native plants in the Great Basin, a region with extensive invasive annual grasses. We tested nontarget effects on native annual forbs in an agricultural field previously used to grow native annual forbs, which contained a large seed bank. We seeded perennial grass (Elymus elymoides) at multiple depths to determine susceptibility and resistance. Herbicides were applied at full and reduced rates to mimic the effect of litter in natural systems. We observed reductions in most non‐native species in all treatments, but also extensive reductions of native annual forbs, although these were offset at lower application rates, and some species (e.g. Amsinckia tessellata and Microsteris gracilis) were less susceptible than others. Herbicides, particularly indaziflam, reduced E. elymoides emergence, but planting seeds at 2–3 cm depths improved emergence, particularly for imazapic, with 15–68% greater emergence than seeds planted at 1 cm. We suggest surveys for native annual forbs and resistant invaders before applying herbicides and field testing to determine whether reduced rates could provide weed control while maintaining annual forbs. We suggest planting E. elymoides at 2–3 cm when applying herbicides, an approach that may be effective for other species. Herbicide use can be an effective tool, but our results indicate that mitigation of nontarget effects will be needed to maintain native plant diversity.

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Seeding, Herbicide, and Fungicide Impact on Perennial Grass Establishment in Cheatgrass Infested Habitats

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Herbicide effects on the establishment of a native bunchgrass in annual grass invaded areas: Indaziflam versus imazapic

Herbicide effects on the establishment of a native bunchgrass in annual grass invaded areas: Indaziflam versus imazapic

A Case for Adaptive Management of Rangelands’ Wicked Problems

Nontarget effects of herbicides on annual forbs and seeded grass in the Great Basin, United States, are partially offset by planting depth and application rate

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