Seedling appearance, survival, and development of ‘Grasslands Huia’, ‘Grasslands Tahora’, and Kent wild white clover cultivars after surface sowings in summer-moist hill country

Section: Agronomic Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Origin and Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Review: World checklist of white clover varieties II

Caradus

Woodfield

1997

“…Studies comparing paraquat andglyphosate (e.g., 0.8 kg a.i./ha and 2.16 kg a.i./ha respectively Chapman & Fletcher 1985), 0.25 kg a.i./ha and 2.0 kg a.i./ha respectively (Sithamparanathan et al 1986» have found similar and satisfactory establishment of grasses and legumes. However, Sithamparanathan et al (1986) stated "that these experimental rates resulted in almost complete kill of all resident grasses" and therefore scope for differential performance of herbicides was negligible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…'Grasslands Wana' cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) (Barker et al 1985), 'Grasslands Maru' phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) (Rumball 1980), and 'Grasslands Tahora' white clover (Trifolium repens L.) (Chapman & Fletcher 1985) are cultivars with potential for use in hill country and/or dry environments. On steep uncultivable hill country, surface oversowing is the only means of introducing improved pasture species into existing swards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oversowing ‘Grasslands Wana’ cocksfoot, ‘Grasslands Maru’ phalaris, and ‘Grasslands Tahora’ white clover in hill country at varying rates of paraquat and glyphosate

Barker¹,

Chapman²,

Anderson³

et al. 1988

Self Cite

The influence of six pre-sowing herbicide treatments (no spray, two rates of glyphosate, and three rates of paraquat) on oversowing success of three species (,Grasslands Wana' cocksfoot, 'Grasslands Maru' phalaris, and 'Grasslands Tahora' white clover) were compared in autumn at two southern Hawke's Bay hill country sites (Ballantrae and Dannevirke) and in two seasons (spring and autumn) at the Ballantrae site. Pasture suppression by herbicide was compared using point analysis. Initial results from oversowing were compared by regular counts of seedling appearance and long -term results were determined from the contribution of introduced species to total herbage accumulation (RA) during the following 3-4 years. Paraquat and glyphosate were similar, at equal rates of active ingredient, for the establishment and performance of Wana or Maru, and were best at the highest rate of 0.7-0.8 kg a.i./ha. The contribution of Wana increased over 3 years under continuous sheep grazing to be 13-27% of total RA depending on the site, year, and herbicide combination, and was maintained during a fourth year. Wana did not significantly increase seasonal or annual total HA. Maru failed to establish and produce successfully. The establishment of Wana and Tahora was significantly and linearly related to rainfall in the first week and first 2 weeks respectively, following sowing, but unrelated to rain before sowing or 3 weeks after sowing. Spring oversowing atBallantrae was unsuccessful.

Effects of cultivar introduction and fertiliser on characteristics of white clover (Trifolium repensL.) plants and populations in a hill pasture

Chapman

Mackay

Devantier

et al. 1993

Pastures based on the white clover cultivars Grasslands Tahora and Grasslands Huia ",:ere established by oversowing into unimproved hIll country at Ballantrae in May-June 1986. Each pasture type occupied 2.2 ha, and a further 2.2 ha of unamended pasture containing the resident clover ecotype was also included. From August 1988, four ferti1i~er treatments (control, receiving no fertiliser; reactive phosphate rock; partially acidulated phosphate rock; and a superphosphate/phosphate rock blend, the latter three applied at 35 kg Plha per year) were superimposed upon pasture types. Emphasis was placed on identifying the population and plant characteristics which responded to treatment, and defining the relative benefits to pasture performance resulting from the two approaches to pasture improvement (cultivars versus fertiliser). Based on measurements of the frequency of occurrence of cyanogenic plants in populations nearly 4 years after sowing, 58% of white clover plants in the Tahora-sown pastures and 43% of plants in the Huia-sown pastures were estimated to have derived from the original seedlines. The rest A92063 Received 1 December 1992; accepted 15 February 1993 of these populations were volunteer plants of the resident ecotype; these were much smaller than plants ~f Tahora and Huia (mean total plant weights, Includmg root material, were 49.5, 112.2, and 139.2 mg, respectively). When both genotype frequency and plant weight differences were accounted for, the introduced cultivars were estimated to have contributed 70% of the total white clover biomass present in sown pastures, averaged across fertiliser treatments. White clover herbage accumulation was greater in the sown pastures than in the resident pasture (558 and 586 kg DMlha per year for Huia-sown and Tahora-sown pastures respectively, versus 305 kg DMlha per year for resident pasture, means for Years 3 and 4 after sowing), and in the fertilised treatments compared to the Control (518-597 kg DMlha per year versus 231 kg DMlha per year respectively). Applying 35 kg Plha per year had a greater influence on clover herbage accumulation than cultivar introduction, though returns on cultivar introduction can be seen as accruing each year (if cultivars are persistent) for a one-off cost whereas fertiliser must be financed annually. Fertiliser application increased mainly the population density of clover plants (number/m2) whereas cultivar introduction affected mainly the mean size of plants in the population. Limited evidence was obtained to suggest that Tahora and Huia responded differently to fertiliser application.