Seeds: A Unique System to Study Translational Regulation

Sajeev, Nikita; Bai, Bing; Bentsink, Leónie

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2019.03.011

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Several genes involved in those processes have been shown to reduce ABA sensitivity during seed germination like AHG1 ( Supplementary Figure S3 ) or DCAF, HUB1, PRT6 , and ATE2 (Liu et al, 2007; Nishimura et al, 2007; Holman et al, 2009; Seo et al, 2014). Additionally, cluster 9 is enriched in DEAD-box RNA helicases as well as translation initiation and elongation factors ( eIF4E , eIF4G , Lellis et al, 2010; Dinkova et al, 2011) with possible roles in mRNA selective translation of proteins from seed stored mRNAs that would support germination (Sajeev et al, 2019). Cluster 9 is also enriched in mRNA decapping and decay related genes ( DCP1 , Basbouss-Serhal et al, 2017), especially nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrative Approach to Analyze Seed Germination in Brassica napus

et al. 2019

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Seed germination is a complex trait determined by the interaction of hormonal, metabolic, genetic, and environmental components. Variability of this trait in crops has a big impact on seedling establishment and yield in the field. Classical studies of this trait in crops have focused mainly on the analyses of one level of regulation in the cascade of events leading to seed germination. We have carried out an integrative and extensive approach to deepen our understanding of seed germination in Brassica napus by generating transcriptomic, metabolic, and hormonal data at different stages upon seed imbibition. Deep phenotyping of different seed germination-associated traits in six winter-type B. napus accessions has revealed that seed germination kinetics, in particular seed germination speed, are major contributors to the variability of this trait. Metabolic profiling of these accessions has allowed us to describe a common pattern of metabolic change and to identify the levels of malate and aspartate metabolites as putative metabolic markers to estimate germination performance. Additionally, analysis of seed content of different hormones suggests that hormonal balance between ABA, GA, and IAA at crucial time points during this process might underlie seed germination differences in these accessions. In this study, we have also defined the major transcriptome changes accompanying the germination process in B. napus. Furthermore, we have observed that earlier activation of key germination regulatory genes seems to generate the differences in germination speed observed between accessions in B. napus. Finally, we have found that protein–protein interactions between some of these key regulator are conserved in B. napus, suggesting a shared regulatory network with other plant species. Altogether, our results provide a comprehensive and detailed picture of seed germination dynamics in oilseed rape. This new framework will be extremely valuable not only to evaluate germination performance of B. napus accessions but also to identify key targets for crop improvement in this important process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrative Approach to Analyze Seed Germination in Brassica napus

et al. 2019

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“…Dry seeds contain stored mRNAs that in some species (such as date palm and lotus) tolerate dry storage for more than a thousand of years without losing the ability to germinate and grow (Shenmiller et al, 1995;Sallon et al, 2008). How the mRNAs are stored, protected, and eventually support seed germination and seedling growth have remained largely elusive (Sajeev et al, 2019). The work here provides insight into the role of the seed-stored mRNAs in Arabidopsis and reveals that mRNAs are primed during seed maturation for a later fate during germination (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanisms by which mRNAs are stored in seeds are still unknown (Sajeev et al, 2019); however, the importance of these mRNAs has been suggested for quite some time (Rajjou et al, 2004;Nakabayashi et al, 2005;Kimura and Nambara, 2010). Previous work has revealed associations between mRNAs and protein complexes (Marcus and Feeley, 1964;Dure and Waters, 1965;Chen et al, 1968;Ihle and Dure, 1970;Beevers and Poulson, 1972;Poulson and Beevers, 1973;Hammett and Katterman, 1975;Ajtkhozhin et al, 1976;Harris and Dure, 1976); however, due to technical limitations at the time of publication, these studies failed to identify specific mRNAs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Seed-Stored mRNAs that Are Specifically Associated to Monosomes Are Translationally Regulated during Germination

et al. 2019

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J.H.); 0000-0001-9510-6059 (L.B.).The life cycle of many organisms includes a quiescent stage, such as bacterial or fungal spores, insect larvae, or plant seeds. Common to these stages is their low water content and high survivability during harsh conditions. Upon rehydration, organisms need to reactivate metabolism and protein synthesis. Plant seeds contain many mRNAs that are transcribed during seed development. Translation of these mRNAs occurs during early seed germination, even before the requirement of transcription. Therefore, stored mRNAs are postulated to be important for germination. How these mRNAs are stored and protected during long-term storage is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate how mRNAs are stored in dry seeds and whether they are indeed translated during seed germination. We investigated seed polysome profiles and the mRNAs and protein complexes that are associated with these ribosomes in seeds of the model organism Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We showed that most stored mRNAs are associated with monosomes in dry seeds; therefore, we focus on monosomes in this study. Seed ribosome complexes are associated with mRNA-binding proteins, stress granule, and P-body proteins, which suggests regulated packing of seed mRNAs. Interestingly, ;17% of the mRNAs that are specifically associated with monosomes are translationally up-regulated during seed germination. These mRNAs are transcribed during seed maturation, suggesting a role for this developmental stage in determining the translational fate of mRNAs during early germination.

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“…These findings highlighted the extreme complexity of the molecular processes regulating seed germination (i.e., transcription during seed formation, stability of mRNAs during seed storage/dormancy break, de novo transcription after seed imbibition, and translation of these mRNAs at all developmental stages. Thanks to recent advances in post-genomics and multi-omics approaches, facets of the translational regulation of stored mRNAs are gradually being resolved [3,4]. This review outlines the latest findings on stored mRNAs, focusing on their physiological role in seed germination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lost in Translation: Physiological Roles of Stored mRNAs in Seed Germination

Sano

Rajjou

North

2020

Plants

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Seeds characteristics such as germination ability, dormancy, and storability/longevity are important traits in agriculture, and various genes have been identified that are involved in its regulation at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. A particularity of mature dry seeds is a special mechanism that allows them to accumulate more than 10,000 mRNAs during seed maturation and use them as templates to synthesize proteins during germination. Some of these stored mRNAs are also referred to as long-lived mRNAs because they remain translatable even after seeds have been exposed to long-term stressful conditions. Mature seeds can germinate even in the presence of transcriptional inhibitors, and this ability is acquired in mid-seed development. The type of mRNA that accumulates in seeds is affected by the plant hormone abscisic acid and environmental factors, and most of them accumulate in seeds in the form of monosomes. Release of seed dormancy during after-ripening involves the selective oxidation of stored mRNAs and this prevents translation of proteins that function in the suppression of germination after imbibition. Non-selective oxidation and degradation of stored mRNAs occurs during long-term storage of seeds so that the quality of stored RNAs is linked to the degree of seed deterioration. After seed imbibition, a population of stored mRNAs are selectively loaded into polysomes and the mRNAs, involved in processes such as redox, glycolysis, and protein synthesis, are actively translated for germination.

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Seeds: A Unique System to Study Translational Regulation

Cited by 35 publications

References 68 publications

An Integrative Approach to Analyze Seed Germination in Brassica napus

An Integrative Approach to Analyze Seed Germination in Brassica napus

Seed-Stored mRNAs that Are Specifically Associated to Monosomes Are Translationally Regulated during Germination

Lost in Translation: Physiological Roles of Stored mRNAs in Seed Germination

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