Seeds of <i>Centranthus ruber</i> and <i>Valeriana officinalis</i> Contain Conjugated Linolenic Acids with Reported Antitumor Effects

Abstract

Conjugated linolenic acids (CLNs) are naturally occurring fatty acids that are believed to have anticancer properties. In this study, we examined various plant seeds from herbs to discover seed oils containing CLNs. The ultraviolet spectra of total lipids from these seeds were measured. An absorption maximum around 270 nm was observed in seed oils belonging to the Valerianaceae family (Centranthus ruber and Valeriana officinalis). When the fatty acid compositions of these seed oils were measured, CLNs were detected. By silica column chromatography, neutral lipids (NLs), glycolipids, and phospholipids were eluted from seed oils of C. ruber and V. officinalis. Then, fatty acid compositions of these fractions were measured. This revealed that most of the CLNs in these seed oils existed in the NL fraction. When the NL fractions of these seed oils were reacted with lipase, CLNs showed good sensitivity to lipase hydrolysis. This suggested that the CLNs in the seed oils of C. ruber and V. officinalis existed predominantly at the sn-1,3 position of triacylglycerol and less at the sn-2 position. These results suggested that the CLNs from the seed oils of C. ruber and V. officinalis could easily be taken up by cancer cells as free fatty acids and had good potential as antitumor substances.

Enzyme from <i>Padina arborescens</i> Holmes Synthesizes Parinaric Acid, a Conjugated Tetraenoic Fatty Acid, from α-Linolenic Acid

“…We extracted lipids from freeze-dried P. arborescens, S. fusiforme, S. macrocarpum, S. siliquastrum, S. thunbergii, L. intermedia, P. crispate, C. fragile, M. nitidum, C. verrucosus Mikami, G. elegans, and G. furcata using Bligh and Dyer s method with few modifications 7,8) . The collected samples were dried, and total lipids were obtained.…”

“…To obtain fatty acid methyl esters, the product of the enzymatic reaction was methylated with trimethylsilyldiazomethane 8,10) and subjected to GC-EI/MS (GCMS-QP2010 Ultra; Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) with an InertCap Pure-WAX fused silica capillary column (30 m×0.25 mm, 0.5 µm film thickness; GL Sciences, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) . Helium was used as the carrier gas.…”

Enhancing HCC Treatment: innovatively combining HDAC2 inhibitor with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition

“…Such an herb has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an alternative medicine to treat insomnia and other sleep-related disorders. It is also a drug in Traditional Chinese Medicine which has been applied for liver diseases treatment for thousands of years [ 88 ]. VA, as one of the most active components of Valerian, has been found as a typical HDAC2 inhibitor, also a class I HDAC inhibitor, which also possesses low toxicity to normal cells and multiple anti-cancer abilities (Inhibition of proliferation, colony cloning, invasion, migration, 3D organoid formation, etc.)…”

Plant Species of Sub-Family Valerianaceae—A Review on Its Effect on the Central Nervous System

“…Among its therapeutic effects on insomnia and seizures the valeric acid, which is another active compound in valerian, has been reported to improve immunity against cancer [ 107 ]. Promising data also involve other compounds, in this case, fatty acids naturally occurring in seed oils such as conjugated linolenic acids (CLNs) which are likewise present in C. ruber and V. officinalis) [ 108 ].…”