Conservation science and practice commonly draw on the theories and methods of social psychology to explain human cognitions, emotions, and behaviors germane to biodiversity conservation. Here, we present a systematic map of the cross-disciplinary conservation science literature that draws on social psychology concepts and methods in their application broadly described as conservation psychology. Established protocols were used to systematically collect and collate peer-reviewed research published in an explicit selection of journals. Our purpose was to catalog the extant literature, elucidate trends and gaps, and critically reflect on the state of the field and its research practices aiming to influence conservation outcomes. Results show an upward trend in the number of publications per year and per decade between 1974-2016. A diversity of theoretical and methodological approaches was revealed. However, findings also revealed that the extant literature disproportionately focuses on specific concepts (attitudes and beliefs) and locations (North America and Europe), and contexts (terrestrial, rural). Data indicated that studies also tend to be descriptive, quantitative, and atheoretical in nature. From these results, we offer a critical assessment of the literature and provide recommendations for future applied conservation psychology research intended to inform science, practice, and policy.