Seeing the world in black or white: The Dark Triad traits and dichotomous thinking

Jonason, Peter K.; Oshio, Atsushi; Shimotsukasa, Tadahiro; Mieda, Takahiro; Csathó, Árpád; Sitnikova, Maria

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.08.030

Cited by 26 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Such findings point out that the perception of social situations using binary "lens" happens more often among individuals who lack empathy and are self-oriented. This is consistent with the theoretical claim that dichotomous thinking is a cognitive bias that optimizes the strategic pursuit of an individual's goals or the satisfaction of immediate needs (Jonason et al, 2018;Oshio, 2009). In the present investigation, we investigated the unique associations between dichotomous thinking, ERS, and the Dark Triad of personality.…”

supporting

confidence: 78%

“…Machiavellianism is characterized by manipulation, insensibility, weak morality, and active construal of a positive reputation; narcissism (or "subclinical narcissism") is characterized by a sense of superiority, grandiosity, dominance, selfishness, and intolerance to criticism; lastly, psychopathy involves lack of empathy, manipulation, and impulsive and antisocial tendencies (Jones & Paulhus, 2014;Koehn et al, 2008;Paulhus & Williams, 2002). Indeed, evidence suggests a positive (albeit small; rs = .17-.26) association between dichotomous thinking and each of the traits of the Dark Triad (Jonason et al, 2018). Such findings point out that the perception of social situations using binary "lens" happens more often among individuals who lack empathy and are self-oriented.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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“All or nothing”

Bonfá-Araujo

Filho

2021

Psico

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In the current study, we investigated the unique associations between dichotomous thinking, extreme response style (ERS), and the Dark Triad of personality, namely, Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. We hypothesized that dichotomous thinking would exhibit a positive effect on ERS, and that dichotomous thinking would be positively associated with the Dark Triad even after accounting for ERS. Participants were 488 adults with a mean age of 29.54 years (SD = 10.38). Results confirmed dichotomous thinking positively predicts ERS, that the relationship between dichotomous thinking and the Dark Triad domains remains positive and significant even after accounting for ERS. Moreover, ERS manifested weak negative associations with the Dark Triad, with a significant relationship only with psychopathy. Findings from the current study help expand the understanding of both the substantive nature of response styles and the cognitive processes underlying the Dark Triad of personality.

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confidence: 78%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“All or nothing”

Bonfá-Araujo

Filho

2021

Psico

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“…In the same study, it is also pointed out that Machiavellianism is the most negativistic personality type within the Dark Triad [Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy ( Paulhus & Williams, 2002 )]. This is probably because the representational world of the Machiavellian individuals is organized along the splitting ( Jonason et al, 2018 ). Since in their representational world, "bad objects" dominate, they are incapable of evaluating others in a “good and bad matrix” ( Siegel, 1992 , p. 55).…”

Section: Machiavellianism and Intra- And Interpersonal Negativitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of close relationship through the Machiavellians´ dark glasses: Negativity, distrust, self-protection against risk and dissatisfaction

et al. 2018

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It is commonly known from the literature that Machiavellian individuals have negative attitudes towards people and in general towards the world´s affairs. They are distrustful of the intentions of others, and they get cautiously involved into interpersonal interactions and take risks only if that may not have any severe negative consequence. It is also a fact that there are few ventures in life that potentially involve as much insecurity and personal vulnerability as the establishment and maintenance of close relationships. In our study, we were seeking the answer to the question: do people with high levels of Machiavellianism show a generally negative, distrustful and cautious attitude in their intimate relationships, as well? What effect their pessimistic approaches have on the other consequences of the relationship (satisfaction, commitment, investment, quality of alternatives)? This question was investigated on a dyadic sample of heterosexual couples (N = 101 pairs) with Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM). The results of the correlations and actor effects show that men with high levels of Machiavellianism perceive in a negative way not just people in general, but their romantic partners and relationships as well and they experience an increased level of distrust, risk, and dissatisfaction into their close relationships. Women with high levels of Machiavellianism are less negativistic and feel less discontent towards their intimate partner and relationship, but even they are unable to put their distrust and precaution aside. The results of partner effects have revealed that women's Machiavellianism undermines men's trust, while men's Machiavellianism has the effect of minimizing women's investment into their relationship.

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“…The present findings suggest that media reporting on terrorism that is not consistent with media recommendations seems to have some impact on mental health-related outcomes, particularly measures that assess phobia related to the identities portrayed in such reports. A continuous and negative media portrayal of specific population groups such as Muslims, as reflected in media reports that provide details on perpetrators who are Muslims or assumed to be Muslim, can increase distress among those religious minorities and reduce social cohesion, which are important determinants of public mental health (Chuang, Chuang, & Yang, 2013;Jan e-Llopis & Anderson, 2007). The results of a recent study showed accordingly that Muslim American students exposed to negative media portrayals of their religious group were less likely to desire acceptance by other Americans, and also tried to avoid interactions (Saleem & Ramasubramanian, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dichotomous thinking, on the other hand, which is sometimes called “all or nothing” thinking, can severely impact the ability to adequately assess positive and negative aspects of a given situation, for example, someone’s ability to distance themselves from bad news or put this news into perspective (Jonason et al, 2018; Oshio, 2009). It has been found to be prevalent in some mental disorders (Al‐Mosaiwi & Johnstone, 2018), is related to higher stress levels (Farrell, Hains, Davies, Smith, & Parton, 2004), and might therefore be seen as a marker of mental ill health.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐Term Effects of Media Reports on Terrorism That Are Consistent vs. Not Consistent with Media Recommendations on Mass Shootings: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Laido

Till

Niederkrotenthaler

2020

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

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Media recommendations for the reporting of events where one person or a small group kills multiple others in public settings have been developed recently by suicide prevention experts. Evidence on the effects of reports that are compliant or noncompliant with these recommendations is lacking. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial with n = 148 participants who were randomly assigned to read newspaper articles (A) on acts of terrorism assumed to be conducted by Islamist terrorists and not consistent with media recommendations, (B) the same articles differing only in their compliance with recommendations, or (C) articles of similar style that were about homicide. Islamophobia as well as suicidal ideation, stress, and mood were measured before reading the article (T1), immediately afterwards (T2), and one week later (T3). The primary hypothesis was that there is an increase in islamophobia after exposure to media portrayals not consistent with media recommendations. Results: Compared to the control group, only participants reading media reports that were not consistent with media recommendations showed a short-term increase in islamophobia. Conclusion: These findings suggest that reporting on terrorism that is not consistent with media recommendations appears to increase islamophobia. In the context of reporting on Islamist terrorism, consistency with recommendations might help reduce negative attitudes toward Muslim minorities. Terrorism is becoming an increasingly important public health issue in Western countries. Although only 2.6% of all deaths from terrorism currently occur in Western countries (Alcala, Sharif, & Samari, 2017), and the total of 68 people who died from acts ZRINKA LAIDO, BENEDIKT TILL, AND

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Seeing the world in black or white: The Dark Triad traits and dichotomous thinking

Cited by 26 publications

References 18 publications

“All or nothing”

“All or nothing”

Perceptions of close relationship through the Machiavellians´ dark glasses: Negativity, distrust, self-protection against risk and dissatisfaction

Short‐Term Effects of Media Reports on Terrorism That Are Consistent vs. Not Consistent with Media Recommendations on Mass Shootings: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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