Background and Purpose-Qualitative studies are increasingly used to investigate social processes and phenomena influencing health behaviors and service provision. We aimed to identify the scope of published qualitative studies of stroke, consider their relevance to development and delivery of services for people with stroke, and make recommendations for future work. Methods-Literature review of published articles was identified by systematically searching online literature databases using keywords from the start of each database until 2002. Articles were reviewed by 2 authors, using a standardized matrix for data extraction. The 2003 European Stroke Initiative recommendations for stroke management were used to categorize the literature for consideration of its contribution to stroke research. Results-We included 95 articles. Their empirical contribution includes an emphasis on recording the "human" experience of stroke; identification of needs as perceived by patients and their families, differences in priorities between patients and professionals, and barriers to best-quality care. We identified 12 papers that were specifically undertaken to develop or evaluate interventions. Conclusions-Qualitative studies have addressed a wide range of issues related to the impact of stroke on individuals and caregivers, and to the organization and delivery of services. Significant problems remain in ensuring the delivery of best-quality stroke care, which such studies have the potential to address. Maximizing this potential requires greater collaboration between nonclinical and clinical scientists, service providers, and users to formulate research questions of interest as well as new research strategies, such as meta-analysis, to pool qualitative research findings and multisited investigations. Key Words: qualitative research Ⅲ caregivers Ⅲ delivery of health care Ⅲ evaluation studies Ⅲ quality of health care Ⅲ stroke T he relevance of social science research for medical practice has long been recognized. 1 Studies conducted using qualitative methods, which are drawn from the social sciences, are now commonly advocated and used in health and healthcare research. 2 The aim of qualitative research is to understand social processes and behaviors (such as responses to disease or the organization of health services) in natural rather than experimental settings, and from the perspective of participants. Specific methods used include unstructured or semistructured interviews, focus group interviews, and ethnographic observation. These methods tend to generate textual rather than numerical data, and their analysis entails identifying meanings and developing concepts, but not measuring frequency. Studies using a variety of qualitative research methods have investigated social factors that influence the delivery and uptake of a wide range of health services.Qualitative research is undertaken by researchers from a variety of disciplines, and reports may be published in journals not widely read outside the discipline concerned. The aim...