“…This is a generous reading of the history of Nazi trials, whose impact I have argued was more ambiguous (Pendas, 2006(Pendas, , 2020; see also Bloxham 2001;Frei 2002). While it is true that the efforts to bring Nazis to justice for their crimes were vast (Pendas 2009), many Germans rejected the moral and political lessons on offer in such trials. For instance, in German circles, the arguments put forth by the defense counsel in the Nuremberg Trials resonated far more strongly than did those of the prosecution (Pendas 2020), helping symbolically transform Germans from perpetrators into victims.…”