Seeking racial and ethnic equity among neonatologists

Horowitz, Eric; Samnaliev, Mihail; Savich, Renate

doi:10.1038/s41372-021-00915-z

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Numerous studies demonstrate the magnitude of effect on future earnings that can be seen with initial early career salary brackets. 7,8,19,20 This unique subpopulation begins their professional attending careers a decade or more after most of their nonmedical colleagues enter the professional workforce, representing a significant period of lost earnings and lost retirement contributions. 8,21,22 This also contributes to ECNs entering the workforce with significant educational debt and may compromise professional satisfaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Compensation of Early Career Neonatologists

et al. 2023

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Objective Workforce characteristics and compensation specific to early career neonatologists remain poorly defined. Lack of transparency surrounding compensation limits benchmarking for neonatologists entering the workforce and may negatively influence individual lifetime earnings. Our objective was to provide granular data for this unique subpopulation by defining employment characteristics and factors influential to compensation of early career neonatologists. Study Design An anonymous 59-question cross-sectional electronic survey was distributed to eligible members of American Academy of Pediatrics Trainees and Early Career Neonatologists. A focused analysis was conducted on salary and bonus compensation data collected from the survey instrument. Respondents were classified based on primary site of employment: nonuniversity located (e.g., private practice, hospital employed, government/military, and hybrid employment groups) versus university located practice settings (e.g., work is primarily conducted in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting located within a university organization). Median quantile regression was used to conduct univariate and multivariate analyses using SAS Software version 9.4. Results We received 348 responses (26.7% response rate). Median salary was $220,000 (interquartile range: $200,000–250,000). Factors associated with salary include academic rank (instructor: $196,000; assistant professor: $220,000 [12% increase; p < 0.001]; associate professor: $260,000 [18% increase]; p = 0.027) and years of experience (p = 0.017), after adjusting for relevant factors. Employment location, practice type, group size, clinical schedule, location of medical school training, and gender identity did not significantly influence salary in multivariate quantile regression. Median annual bonus was $7,000 higher for nonuniversity located positions ($20,000 vs. 13,000; p = 0.021), with assumption of additional administrative roles and practice group seniority as most commonly cited bonus criteria (p = 0.002 and <0.001, respectively). Conclusion Academic rank and years of experience may influence salary. Bonus earnings are higher for nonuniversity located positions. Employment models are evolving to incorporate academic teaching appointments while practicing in nonuniversity located NICUs. This is the first detailed compensation analysis of early career neonatologists. Key Points

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Compensation of Early Career Neonatologists

et al. 2023

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“…This illustrates how family-centered care creates a more intimidating interaction with Black mothers vs White mothers. The NICU medical workforce, like most of medicine, lacks in diversity . With increased acuity or patient burden, the racialized implicit biases of health care professionals can affect patient care …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NICU medical workforce, like most of medicine, lacks in diversity. 56 With increased acuity or patient burden, the racialized implicit biases of health care professionals can affect patient care. 57…”

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confidence: 99%

Association of Racial Disparities With In-Hospital Outcomes in Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

et al. 2022

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ronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common morbidity of preterm birth affecting 50% of infants born less than 30 weeks' gestation in the US. 1 Despite preventive efforts, the incidence of BPD is increasing owing to the improved survival of infants born extremely preterm. 2 Recent studies suggest racial disparities may adversely affect outcomes for preterm infants experiencing common neonatal morbidities, including respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis, during the initial neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization. [3][4][5] However, our knowledge of the association of racial disparities with outcomes for preterm infants with BPD remains unclear.Multiple prospective cohort studies have determined that Black maternal race is independently associated with a de-creased risk of severe BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA), when the diagnosis of BPD is made. 6,7 Additional analyses of these cohorts, however, also identify Black maternal race as an independent risk factor for increased respiratory morbidity in early childhood. 6,8,9 The mechanisms underlying the finding that preterm infants born to Black mothers are at decreased risk of developing severe BPD but are nonetheless at increased risk of early childhood respiratory morbidity remain unknown.The 2001 National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus criteria define severe BPD in infants born less than 32 weeks' gestation as the need for supplemental oxygen for 28 days or more and a fraction of inspired oxygen greater than 0.3 and/or positive pressure at 36 weeks' PMA. 10 Short-and long-term outcomes for patients with BPD are highly variable. In this study, IMPORTANCE Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common serious morbidity of preterm birth. Short-term respiratory outcomes for infants with the most severe forms of BPD are highly variable. The mechanisms that explain this variability remain unknown and may be mediated by racial disparities.OBJECTIVE To determine the association of maternal race with death and length of hospital stay in a multicenter cohort of infants with severe BPD.

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