“…Unlike discussion forums, participants did not find that email created a collaborative group space (Astle, 2001). Discussion boards were seen to enable vulnerable sharing (Crowther et al, 2021), facilitate organizing documents in centrally accessible locations (Duenkel et al, 2014;Hanlin-Rowney et al, 2006), provide individual and commons spaces for reflection (Feller et al, 2004), and accommodate diverse and flexible participation across time zones (Astle, 2001;Crowther et al, 2021;Dale, 2001;Howell, 2020;Moreira-Ramirez, 2020;Thorpe, 2008). Further, asynchronous forums enabled time for deeper reflection (Hanlin-Rowney et al, 2006) and for non-native English speakers to communicate more confidently (Crowther et al, 2021).…”