Seemingly Harmless Racial Communications Are Not So Harmless: Racial Microaggressions Lead to Suicidal Ideation by Way of Depression Symptoms

O’Keefe, Victoria M.; Wingate, LaRicka R.; Cole, Ashley B.; Hollingsworth, David W.; Tucker, Raymond P.

doi:10.1111/sltb.12150

Cited by 151 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…There is compelling evidence demonstrating a link between racial/ethnic discrimination and depressive symptoms (Pascoe and Richman 2009), with research demonstrating depressive symptoms may explain the relation between racial/ethnic discrimination and risk for suicidal behavior (O'Keefe et al 2015;Walker et al 2014). Specifically, one study found perceived racism (i.e., perceptions of racism across interpersonal and institutional levels) was associated with increases in suicidal ideation among African American adults to the degree that it was associated with increases in depressive symptoms (Walker et al 2014).…”

Section: Racial/ethnic Discrimination As a Race-based Traumatic Stressormentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Suicidal Ideation in Emerging Adults: The Role of Traumatic Stress and Depressive Symptoms Varies by Gender not Race/Ethnicity

Polanco-Roman

Anglin

Miranda

et al. 2019

J Youth Adolescence

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Drawing from Race-Based Traumatic Stress theory, the present study examined whether traumatic stress and depressive symptoms differentially help explain the relation between racial/ethnic discrimination and suicidal ideation across gender and racial/ethnic groups. A racially/ethnically diverse group of emerging adults (N = 1344; M age = 19.88, SD = 2.25; 72% female; 46% Hispanic) completed a battery of self-report measures. A cross-sectional design was employed with a series of hierarchical linear regression models and bootstrapping procedures to examine the direct and indirect relation between racial/ethnic discrimination and suicidal ideation through traumatic stress and depressive symptoms across gender and race/ethnicity. The findings suggest an indirect relation through depressive symptoms, but not traumatic stress, and a serial indirect relation through traumatic stress to depressive symptoms in young women and young men, the latter of which was stronger in young women. The indirect relations did not vary by racial/ethnic group. Cumulative experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination may impact suicide-related risk via increases in psychiatric symptomology (i.e., traumatic stress and depressive symptoms), particularly in young women. Racial/ethnic discrimination experiences should be accounted for as a potential source of psychological distress in the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of suicidal thoughts and behavior, especially among young women endorsing traumatic stress and depressive

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Section: Racial/ethnic Discrimination As a Race-based Traumatic Stressormentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Suicidal Ideation in Emerging Adults: The Role of Traumatic Stress and Depressive Symptoms Varies by Gender not Race/Ethnicity

Polanco-Roman

Anglin

Miranda

et al. 2019

J Youth Adolescence

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“…18 The concept was originally applied to the well-being of the African-American community and has since become more broadly attributed to the effect of these actions on additional marginalized groups, including sexual minorities. 18 , 19 In a 2016 American Psychological Association article, Spengler et al 20 wrote, “The stigma and prejudice [marginalized groups] regularly encounter is hypothesized to lead to their significantly increased risk for developing mental health disorders.” The collective literature on microaggressions and health care supports this theory, pointing broadly toward unfavorable health outcomes, including greater risk of depression and suicide ideation among patients, 19 diminished treatment effectiveness, and decreased utilization. 20 Provider misuse of gender pronouns and preferred name and lack of clinical capacity to provide inclusive care should be considered microaggressions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culturally Sensitive Chiropractic Care of the Transgender Community: A Narrative Review of the Literature

Maiers

Foshee²,

Dunlap

2017

Journal of Chiropractic Humanities

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ObjectivesTransgender individuals commonly experience barriers to quality health care and may suffer from unique musculoskeletal complaints. Although these needs are often inadequately addressed within the health care system, they could be attended to by the chiropractic community. This narrative review describes best practices for delivering culturally sensitive care to transgender patients within the context of chiropractic offices.MethodsA literature search generated peer-reviewed material on culturally competent care of the transgender community. Google Scholar and trans-health RSS feeds on social media were also searched to find relevant gray literature. Information pertinent to a chiropractic practice was identified and summarized.ResultsContemporary definitions of transgender, gender identity, and sexual orientation provide a framework for culturally sensitive language and clinic culture. Small changes in record keeping and office procedures can contribute to a more inclusive environment for transgender patients and improve a chiropractor’s ability to collect important health history information. Special considerations during a musculoskeletal examination may be necessary to properly account for medical and nonmedical practices transgender patients may use to express their gender. Chiropractors should be aware of health care and social and advocacy resources for transgender individuals and recommend them to patients who may need additional support.ConclusionsSmall yet intentional modifications within the health care encounter can enable chiropractors to improve the health and well-being of transgender individuals and communities.

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“…In a recent study of young adults of color, O’Keefe and colleagues found an association between racial microaggressions and suicide-related outcomes mediated by depressive symptoms. 32 To our knowledge, the mechanism by which racial microaggressions and gender minority status interact to produce changes in sexual risk behavior is unclear for trans*female youth. Although the present study attempts to analyze the role of racial discrimination in risk behavior, there is a need for using measures that are sensitive and relevant to the discrimination experiences of diverse populations, such as racial/ethnic minority trans*female youth, to rigorously inform targeted HIV intervention efforts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Report: Psychosocial Predictors of Engagement in Sexual Risk Behavior Among Trans*female Youth Aged 16–24 Years in San Francisco

Turner

Santos

Arayasirikul³

et al. 2017

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Background Trans*female youth (TFY) carry a disproportionate burden of HIV. Few longitudinal studies have analyzed both proximal and upstream predictors of changes in HIV-related risk behaviors for TFY. The present analysis aims to identify psychosocial predictors of changes in sexual risk behavior over time for TFY in the San Francisco Bay area. Methods Data come from the SHINE cohort study conducted at the San Francisco Department of Public Health from 2012–2014 (n=263). The relationship between hypothesized psychosocial factors and changes in engagement in condomless receptive anal intercourse over 12-month follow-up was modeled using generalized estimating equations, after adjusting for participant age, race/ethnicity, and education level. Results TFY who were ever in a serious relationship since identifying as trans* (aOR=1.89, 95%CI=1.16–3.08), those who reported recent crack or cocaine use (aOR=2.01, 95%CI=1.05–3.85), and those with a monthly income of over $500 (aOR=0.55, 95%CI=0.35–0.85) had significantly higher odds of condomless receptive anal intercourse over the 12-month study period compared to TFY without these exposures. Those who reported high exposure to gender-based discrimination had significantly increased odds of engagement in condomless receptive anal intercourse compared to those who had low exposure over the study period (aOR=1.70, 95%CI=1.10–2.63). Conclusion Both proximal and structural factors predicted increased engagement in sexual risk behavior among TFY. Results demonstrate the need for a multilevel approach to HIV prevention strategies for this population.

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Seemingly Harmless Racial Communications Are Not So Harmless: Racial Microaggressions Lead to Suicidal Ideation by Way of Depression Symptoms

Cited by 151 publications

References 38 publications

Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Suicidal Ideation in Emerging Adults: The Role of Traumatic Stress and Depressive Symptoms Varies by Gender not Race/Ethnicity

Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Suicidal Ideation in Emerging Adults: The Role of Traumatic Stress and Depressive Symptoms Varies by Gender not Race/Ethnicity

Culturally Sensitive Chiropractic Care of the Transgender Community: A Narrative Review of the Literature

Brief Report: Psychosocial Predictors of Engagement in Sexual Risk Behavior Among Trans*female Youth Aged 16–24 Years in San Francisco

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