Seemingly inclusive liminal legality: the fragility and illegality production of Colombia’s legalization programmes for Venezuelan migrants

Real, Deisy Del

doi:10.1080/1369183x.2022.2029374

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“… * For more on how we coded SES background in Venezuela see [ 55 ] (p. 10). ** The estimates of the poverty line for a household of four refer to CLP 450,165 for 2020 in Chile [ 56 ], and AR$12,087 or US$451 for 2019 in Buenos Aires, Argentina [ 57 ].…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

The Work, Economic, and Remittance Stress and Distress of the COVID-19 Pandemic Containment Policies: The Case of Venezuelan Migrants in Argentina and Chile

Real

Crowhurst-Pons

Olave

2023

IJERPH

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According to the social stress process model, global crises are macro-level stressors that generate physiological stress and psychological distress. However, existing research has not identified immigrants’ COVID-19 containment policy stressors or examined the social stress of sending remittances amid crises. Drawing on in-depth longitudinal interviews with 46 Venezuelan immigrants—half before and half during the pandemic—in Chile and Argentina, we identified the COVID-19 containment policies’ stressors. We focused on Venezuelan immigrants because they constitute one of the largest internationally displaced populations, with most migrating within South America. We found that the governmental COVID-19 containment measures in both countries generated four stressors: employment loss, income loss, devaluation of employment status, and inability to send needed remittances. Moreover, sending remittances helped some migrants cope with concerns about loved ones in Venezuela. However, sending remittances became a social stressor when immigrants struggled to simultaneously sustain their livelihoods and send financial support to relatives experiencing hardships in Venezuela. For some immigrants, these adversities generated other stressors (e.g., housing instability) and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Broadly, for immigrants, the stressors of global crises transcend international borders and generate high stress, which strains their psychological well-being.

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Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

The Work, Economic, and Remittance Stress and Distress of the COVID-19 Pandemic Containment Policies: The Case of Venezuelan Migrants in Argentina and Chile

Real

Crowhurst-Pons

Olave

2023

IJERPH

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“…In her study on undocumented Venezuelan migrants in Colombia, Del Real (2022) uses Menjívar's (2006) theory of “liminal legality” to study the fraught legal pathways of migration. Similar to our approach, she draws attention to the processes of legalization through governmental policy regimes that turn legalization into a “patchwork” (Del Real 2022:3582).…”

Section: Theory and Literature: “Neutral” Enclosuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marking these less visible processes helps us to better understand the control mechanisms that are first tried on migrants and/or colonized subjects and then expanded to wider swaths of marginalized citizens (see Boatc a 2021; Kannabiran 2016;Samaddar 2018Samaddar , 2020. While most sociological studies pay attention to immigration laws, and some to the policies and political discourses (Daniels et al 2021;Del Real 2022;Kolbe 2021) the cumulative processes of the neoliberal migration regime directed at the highly skilled migrants are built through laws, policies, discourses, and the constant changes introduced in response to various real and imaginary crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Islamophobic apprehensions of terrorism. These need to be read simultaneously to understand the mechanisms of migrant control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While most sociological studies pay attention to immigration laws, and some to the policies and political discourses (Daniels et al. 2021; Del Real 2022; Kolbe 2021) the cumulative processes of the neoliberal migration regime directed at the highly skilled migrants are built through laws, policies, discourses, and the constant changes introduced in response to various real and imaginary crises such as the COVID‐19 pandemic and Islamophobic apprehensions of terrorism. These need to be read simultaneously to understand the mechanisms of migrant control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hidden in Plain Sight: “Neutral” Enclosures for High‐Skilled Immigrants During COVID‐19¹

Purkayastha,

Roy

2023

Sociological Forum

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Politicians and mainstream media in the EU, UK, and US regularly emphasize the need for highly skilled migrants, but, over the last few decades, the terms and conditions for these highly skilled migrants have changed drastically. As part of the neoliberal migrant control regime, highly skilled migrants are brought to countries under very restrictive conditions. They work and contribute taxes but have few to no political rights. Based on data on highly skilled Indian migrants in the US during the pandemic, we argue that highly skilled “nonimmigrants” are placed within a thicket of laws and policies that act as enclosures, but these seemingly neutral enclosures remain “hidden in plain sight” because of the silence about their near‐indentured life conditions.

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“… 22. This partial status can create a (false) sense of security in relatively more inclusive contexts, such as Colombia today (Del Real 2022) or the United States pre-amplification of enforcement. …”

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confidence: 99%

State Categories, Bureaucracies of Displacement, and Possibilities from the Margins

Menjívar

2023

Am Sociol Rev

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In this presidential address, I argue for the importance of state-created categories and classification systems that determine eligibility for tangible and intangible resources. Through classification systems based on rules and regulations that reflect powerful interests and ideologies, bureaucracies maintain entrenched inequality systems that include, exclude, and neglect. I propose adopting a critical perspective when using formalized categories in our work, which would acknowledge the constructed nature of those categories, their naturalization through everyday practices, and their misalignments with lived experiences. This lens can reveal the systemic structures that engender both enduring patterns of inequality and state classification systems, and reframe questions about the people the state sorts into the categories we use. I end with a brief discussion of the benefits that can accrue from expanding our theoretical repertoires by including knowledge produced in the Global South.

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Seemingly inclusive liminal legality: the fragility and illegality production of Colombia’s legalization programmes for Venezuelan migrants

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

The Work, Economic, and Remittance Stress and Distress of the COVID-19 Pandemic Containment Policies: The Case of Venezuelan Migrants in Argentina and Chile

The Work, Economic, and Remittance Stress and Distress of the COVID-19 Pandemic Containment Policies: The Case of Venezuelan Migrants in Argentina and Chile

Hidden in Plain Sight: “Neutral” Enclosures for High‐Skilled Immigrants During COVID‐19¹

State Categories, Bureaucracies of Displacement, and Possibilities from the Margins

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Seemingly inclusive liminal legality: the fragility and illegality production of Colombia’s legalization programmes for Venezuelan migrants

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

The Work, Economic, and Remittance Stress and Distress of the COVID-19 Pandemic Containment Policies: The Case of Venezuelan Migrants in Argentina and Chile

The Work, Economic, and Remittance Stress and Distress of the COVID-19 Pandemic Containment Policies: The Case of Venezuelan Migrants in Argentina and Chile

Hidden in Plain Sight: “Neutral” Enclosures for High‐Skilled Immigrants During COVID‐191

State Categories, Bureaucracies of Displacement, and Possibilities from the Margins

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Hidden in Plain Sight: “Neutral” Enclosures for High‐Skilled Immigrants During COVID‐19¹