Seepage mechanism during in-situ leaching process of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores with magnesium salt

Liu, Defeng; Zhang, Zhenyue; Chi, Ruan

doi:10.37190/ppmp/117925

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The fulvic acid can enhance the leaching process effectively. Zou Hualiang et al [58] found that when ammonium acetate, ammonium tartrate, and ammonium citrate were the three organic acid ammonium salts used as leaching agents, when their concentration was greater than 0.7 wt%, the permeability coefficient decreased with the increase in concentration and ammonium acetate. The maximum permeability coefficient was 2.92, the maximum permeability coefficient of ammonium tartrate was 1.91, and the maximum permeability coefficient of ammonium citrate was 2.70.…”

Section: Seepage Promotion Leaching Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development Review on Leaching Technology and Leaching Agents of Weathered Crust Elution-Deposited Rare Earth Ores

Xu,

Li,

Yang

et al. 2023

Minerals

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Weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores are key strategic resources and the main source of medium and heavy rare earths. This paper summarizes the development of leaching technology of rare earth ores, compares the advantages and disadvantages of the three generations of leaching technology, and introduces the improved heap leaching technology and the new technology of the leaching–extraction integration and enhanced leaching, focusing on the leaching of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores. In this paper, the development of the leaching agents is expounded, and the research status and the development trend of the composite ammonium salt leaching agent, impurity inhibition leaching agent, swelling inhibition leaching agent, and seepage-promotion leaching agent are also introduced. And this paper summarizes the leaching mechanism and the development direction of leaching agents. Moreover, the future key research direction of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores is proposed, which is green, efficient, safe development and utilization.

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Section: Seepage Promotion Leaching Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development Review on Leaching Technology and Leaching Agents of Weathered Crust Elution-Deposited Rare Earth Ores

Xu,

Li,

Yang

et al. 2023

Minerals

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“…Large seepage velocity not only leads to preferential flows and leaching blind areas in the ore body [5,6] but also to supersaturation of the ore body causing a landslide [7,8], which will seriously endanger the environment, life, and property. On the contrary, the seepage velocity is too slow, resulting in a long mining period, increasing time costs, and seriously affecting the leaching efficiency of ion-adsorption rare earth ore [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Capillary Model for Predicting Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Ion-Adsorption Rare Earth Ore Based on Improved Kozeny–Carman Equation

et al. 2022

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During the in-situ leaching process of ion-adsorption rare earth ore, the seepage velocity of the leaching solution is one of the core problems in studying the leaching efficiency. The determination of the saturated hydraulic conductivity is of great significance to reveal the leaching process. The classical Kozeny–Carman (KC) equation is widely employed to predict the hydraulic conductivity of sandy soils. However, in the equation, the effect of tortuosity on the hydraulic conductivity is not considered, and the specific surface area is difficult to determine in practice. In this study, the capillary model for predicting the saturated hydraulic conductivity of ion-adsorption rare earth ore was established. First, we assumed that all the pores in the ore body are a series of parallel and tortuous capillaries with equal diameters. Based on the assumption and Hagen–Poiseuille’s law, the KC equation was improved by introducing the tortuosity. Second, the constant head permeability tests were carried out to derive the seepage velocity and hydraulic head loss under the steady seepage state. According to the experimental results, the diameter of the capillary was calculated with Darcy's formula. Then we obtained a linear-fit relationship between capillary diameter and porosity to express the specific surface area variation with porosity. Third, by validating with experimental data, when the pore shape coefficient is 0.4, the saturated hydraulic conductivity calculated by the capillary model is in good agreement with the tested value. The proposed model can be considered to have a satisfactory capability to predict the saturated hydraulic conductivity of ion-adsorption rare earth ore.

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“…The results show that the fine particle migration that was caused by the flow of leaching solution is the main reason for the change of the ore body permeability. Liu et al [18] performed column leaching experiments to study the influences of particle size distribution and particle migration on the permeability coefficient of rare earth ore in the process of in situ leaching. They found that during the leaching, the content of the fine particles that were smaller than 0.075 mm decreased most significantly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on the Permeability of Rare Earths with Different Particle Composition for a Novel Heap Leaching Technology

Yang

Yao

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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In order to solve the problem of vegetation restoration in the traditional heap leaching of rare earths, a novel heap leaching technology is proposed. In the novel technology, leaching liquid is laterally injected into the rare earth pile from the side end so that vegetation restoration can be carried out quickly on the top of the pile. In this study, a laboratory test was performed to investigate the permeability of the ion-adsorbed rare earth pile under lateral liquid injection conditions. Four rare earth samples with varied combinations of the mineral particles at different sizes were adopted in the test to emphatically discuss the influence of the particle composition on permeability. The experimental results show that the permeability of the rare earth pile under the lateral liquid injection conditions is governed by the migration of fine particles. As the hydraulic head of the leaching liquid increases, the fine particles undergo a motion process of stabilization, migration initiation, deposition, and remigration. Accordingly, the permeability coefficient of the rare earth pile exhibits a variation of stabilization, a gradual increase, a re-stabilization, and a re-increase. The fine particle migration and exudation causes the permeability of the rare earth pile to be non-uniform in space. The permeability coefficients near the liquid injection end and the liquid outlet end are much greater than those are at the middle positions of the pile. The particle composition of the rare earth has an important effect on the permeability of the pile. In the rare earth with a combination of coarse and fine particles, preferential flow paths are easy to develop as in this soil, the fine particles easily migrate and they cannot block the pore channels. By contrast, the fine particles find it difficult to migrate, and the permeability coefficient is relatively stable in the fine-medium particle rare earth. This particle composition is conducive to the heap leaching of the rare earth under lateral liquid injection conditions.

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Seepage mechanism during in-situ leaching process of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores with magnesium salt

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Development Review on Leaching Technology and Leaching Agents of Weathered Crust Elution-Deposited Rare Earth Ores

Development Review on Leaching Technology and Leaching Agents of Weathered Crust Elution-Deposited Rare Earth Ores

A Capillary Model for Predicting Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Ion-Adsorption Rare Earth Ore Based on Improved Kozeny–Carman Equation

Experimental Study on the Permeability of Rare Earths with Different Particle Composition for a Novel Heap Leaching Technology

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