Segemented Driving Cycle Based Optimization of Control Parameters for Power-Split Hybrid Electric Vehicle With Ultracapacitors

Abstract

As energy storage device of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), ultracapacitors feature the advantages of higher power density and longer life cycle compared with batteries. However, when ultracapacitors of the same power level are used instead of batteries, fuel consumption becomes more sensitive to changes in control parameters as ultracapacitors store much less energy, and the state of charge (SOC) is powersensitive. In this paper, optimization of control parameters for a power-split HEV with ultracapacitors is addressed to achieve better fuel economy. First, a power-split HEV model and a corresponding control strategy are established under the MATLAB script environment for convenient analysis and application of an optimization algorithm. Second, focusing on the power-sensitive characteristic of the SOC, three key control parameters are determined, and their effects on fuel consumption are analyzed. Third, an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm is proposed to overcome the disadvantage of the PSO trapping into ''local optimum'' and improve optimization efficiency. To fully exploit the fuel-saving capability of the HEV, driving cycle segmentation is also considered. The IPSO is used to optimize three key control parameters under the segmented adapted world transient vehicle cycle. Finally, the optimal results are applied to hardware-in-the-loop test to verify the effectiveness of the proposed optimization method. Compared with the fuel consumption before optimization, the fuel saving rate reaches 9.20% in the urban section, 6.40% in the roadway section, and 5.40% in freeway section. INDEX TERMS Control strategy optimization, ultracapacitors, power-split hybrid system, improved particle swarm algorithm.

A Novel Energy-Efficiency Optimization Approach Based on Driving Patterns Styles and Experimental Tests for Electric Vehicles

“…Cost for EV Modeling Required [8,9] FL,GA,PSO medium large and DSR [10,11] DP high small [12] Rapid-DP medium small [13] iDP medium small [16] Cluster Analysis medium large [17] GA and PSO medium large [18] PSO and DSR low medium [19] DP, PnG medium small and Opt-CPPT [20] PSO and IPSO low smal [21] SDP medium small [22] PSO medium medium [23] ECMS and PSO medium large…”

“…This algorithm shows a progressive increase in the initial torque demand on an EV and final regenerative braking with decreasing travel times. Optimization of control parameters of power-split HEV equipped with ultracapacitors to achieve better fuel economy is proposed in [20]. The effectiveness of the proposed optimization method is verified in simulations and experiential tests.…”

“…The main objective of research efforts in this field is to find a solution to improve energy efficiency and fuel savings in EV and HEV transportation systems, considering the maximum limits of the vehicle. This topic has been studied from different approaches in the literature [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery-Ultracapacitor Energy Management System Design and Optimization

“…Therefore, it results in a sustainable HESS with a longer battery life. In [22], optimization of the control parameters for a power-split HEV with ultracapacitors is addressed to achieve better fuel economy. After optimization, the fuel saving rate reaches 9.20 % in the urban section, 6.40 % in the roadway section, and 5.40% in freeway section.…”

Supercapacitors in Constant-Power Applications: Mathematical Analysis for the Calculation of Temperature

“…Therefore, SCs are increasingly used in a wide range of industrial pieces of equipment as the principal energy storage system or, more frequently, as a support to devices with a higher energy storage capacity, albeit dynamically poorer because of its slower response, as in the case of batteries and fuel cells [1][2][3][4][5]. Together with them, SCs make up hybrid energy storage units installed in electric vehicles [6][7][8][9], renewable energy systems [10][11][12][13], microgrids [14,15], and public transport vehicles [16]. This hybrid combination presents particular uses as well, such as public works machinery [17], military [18] and recreational vehicles [19], and even maritime transport [20].…”