“…Hope, Ma and Thomas (2013) and Akamah, Hope and Thomas (2018) have indicated that managers use the vague country-level materiality guidelines to aggregate geographic disclosures and mask tax-avoidance practices. André, Filip, and Moldovan (2016) examined the incentives of segment disclosure quantity and quality under IFRS 8 and found support for the proprietary cost motive; André, Filip, and Moldovan (2016) used the cross-segment variability in return; 6 and our study uses the geographical disaggregation characteristic to measure the quality dimension and, in particular, the disaggregation of sales information on a country basis. The disclosure of sales information on an individual country basis represents the highest possible level of disaggregation and provides information regarding specific sources of risk and returns that enable users to differentiate between potential risk, return, and growth prospects (Doupnik & Seese, 2001;Aboud, Roberts & Zalata, 2018).…”