Segment durations in a syllable frame

Campbell, W. Nick; Isard, Stephen

doi:10.1016/s0095-4470(19)30315-8

Cited by 101 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The exact tradeoff between elongating a syllable and compressing a segment is expressed by assigning weights to each constraint. This approach is part of a larger class of theories that view segment duration as wholly-or partially-dependent upon the constraints imposed by a higher-level duration frame (Kozhevnikov & Chistovich, 1965;Lehiste, 1970;Witten, 1977;Campbell & Isard, 1991;Campbell, 2000;inter alia). In the particular version sketched here, the grammar favors long segments for perceptibility; it also enforces a duration target on larger units, to foster rapid and efficient communication (Liberman et al 1967, Mattingly 1981 and at least a tendency towards isochrony.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compression effects are of interest, among other reasons, because they have been explained both as an emergent property of independent principles of articulatory coordination (Fowler, 1981;Nam, Goldstein, & Saltzman, 2009) and as a product of constraints that directly regulate acoustic duration (Campbell & Isard, 1991;Clements & Hertz, 1996;Flemming, 2001;Lindblom & Rapp, 1973;Maddieson, 1985;Myers, 1987). As such, clarifying the situation with regard to compression may allow us to shed some light on the general properties of phonetic representations of timing, a foundational question in the field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compression effects in English

Katz

2012

Journal of Phonetics

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This paper reports the results of an English experiment on vowel-shortening in different contexts. The data concern compression effects, whereby, in syllables with a greater number of segments, each one of the segments is shorter than in syllables with fewer segments. The experiment demonstrates that the amount of vowel compression found in English monosyllabic words depends in part on which consonants occur adjacent to the vowel in that word, how many consonants occur, and in which position they occur. Consonant clusters drive more vowel shortening than singletons when they involve liquids, but not when they involve only obstruents. Clusters involving nasals drive shortening relative to singletons only in onset position. We suggest that the results cannot be reduced to general principles of gestural overlap and coordination between consonants and vowels, but instead require a theory with overt representation of auditory duration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compression effects in English

Katz

2012

Journal of Phonetics

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“…More importantly, the different explanation implies a different model of articulatory timing control. The syllable-based explanation implies a single level of control where segmental duration patterns are attributed either to syllable-size temporal frames (Campbell & Isard, 1991 ;Klatt, 1976 ;Lehiste, 1970) or to intergestural articulatory timing routines within the syllable (Browman & Goldstein, 1988 ;Krakow,1999). By contrast, a suprasyllabic explanation suggests layered control over articulatory timing.…”

Section: G E N E R a L Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Durational cues to juncture have traditionally been explained in terms of the syllable (e.g. Browman & Goldstein, 1988 ;Campbell & Isard, 1991 ;Klatt, 1976 ;Krakow, 1999 ;Lehiste, 1970). That is, syllables are thought to either provide the temporal frame within which segmental duration is adjusted or the domain within which articulatory timing is specified.…”

Section: Juncture In Speech Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The acquisition of two phonetic cues to word boundaries

Redford

Gildersleeve-Neumann

2007

J. Child Lang.

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The study evaluated whether durational and allophonic cues to word boundaries are intrinsic to syllable production, and so acquired with syllable structure, or whether they are suprasyllabic, and so acquired in phrasal contexts. Twenty preschool children (aged 3 ; 6 and 4 ; 6) produced: (1) single words with simple and complex onsets (e.g.nailvs.snail); and (2) two-word phrases with intervocalic consonant sequences and varying boundary locations (e.g.this nailvs.bittysnail). Comparisons between child and adult control productions showed that the durational juncture cue was emergent in the four-year-olds' productions of two-word phrases, but absent elsewhere. In contrast, the allophonic cue was evident even in the three-year-olds' productions of single words. Perceptual judgments showed that age- and type-dependent acoustic differences translated into differences in listener behavior. The differential acquisition of the two juncture cues is discussed with reference to the acquisition of articulatory timing control.

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“…Another limiting factor is the phone itself. Different phones have different inherent elasticity [22,23], which has direct implications for parametric speech synthesis: prolonging phones to a degree exceeding their elasticity may result in degraded and buzzy sound quality.…”

Section: Duration Modifications For Initial and Final Lengtheningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Greennn Tree — Lengthening Position Influences Uncertainty Perception

et al. 2019

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Synthetic speech can be used to express uncertainty in dialogue systems by means of hesitation. If a phrase like "Next to the green tree" is uttered in a hesitant way, that is, containing lengthening, silences, and fillers, the listener can infer that the speaker is not certain about the concepts referred to. However, we do not know anything about the referential domain of the uncertainty; if only a particular word in this sentence would be uttered hesitantly, e.g. "the greee:n tree", the listener could infer that the uncertainty refers to the color in the statement, but not to the object. In this study, we show that the domain of the uncertainty is controllable. We conducted an experiment in which color words in sentences like "search for the green tree" were lengthened in two different positions: word onsets or final consonants, and participants were asked to rate the uncertainty regarding color and object. The results show that initial lengthening is predominantly associated with uncertainty about the word itself, whereas final lengthening is primarily associated with the following object. These findings enable dialogue system developers to finely control the attitudinal display of uncertainty, adding nuances beyond the lexical content to message delivery.

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Segment durations in a syllable frame

Cited by 101 publications

References 15 publications

Compression effects in English

Compression effects in English

The acquisition of two phonetic cues to word boundaries

The Greennn Tree — Lengthening Position Influences Uncertainty Perception

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