Segmental distribution of certain visceral afferent neurones of the pupillo‐dilator reflex in the cat

McSwiney, B. A.; Suffolk, S. F.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1938.sp003629

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…For example, Hazarika and co-workers (1964) demonstrated that the sensory innervation of the feline esophagus, stomach, and duodenum originated from nearly all thoracic segments (T3--Tl2). Using similar techniques, large thoracic sensory fields were reported by Lebedenko and Brjussowa (1930) and McSwinney and Suffolk (1938) for the canine and feline stomachs, respectively. Watanabe (1954) made comparable observations for the feline duodenum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Watanabe (1954) made comparable observations for the feline duodenum. Smaller thoracic sensory fields of some 8-9 segments were described for the duodenum by Lebedenko and Brjussowa (1930) and McSwinney and Suffolk (1938). The anatomical axonal degeneration stud-ies of Kimura (1966) implicated as many as 9, 13, and 12 spinal ganglia for the innervation of the canine esophagus (T3-Tll), stomach (T3-L2), and duodenum (T3-Ll), respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Human sensory visceral fields were determined through the mapping of the affected dermatomes over which gastric and duodenal pain was referred. An estimated 3-to 4-fold increase in the segmental sensory field size was documented for the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum using experimental surgical and physiological techniques in animals (Balchum and Weaver, 1943;McSwinney and Suffolk, 1938;Hazarika et al, 1964). For example, Hazarika and co-workers (1964) demonstrated that the sensory innervation of the feline esophagus, stomach, and duodenum originated from nearly all thoracic segments (T3--Tl2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensory innervation of the canine esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

Khurana

Petras

1991

Am. J. Anat.

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The sensory innervation of the postpharyngeal foregut was investigated by injecting the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the walls of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum. The transported HRP was identified histochemically, labeled neurons in the spinal and vagal ganglia were counted, and the results were plotted using an SAS statistical program. The spinal sensory fields of each viscus were defined using three determinations: craniocaudal extent, principal innervation field, and peak innervation field. The data revealed that innervation fields are craniocaudally extensive, the sensory field of each viscus overlaps significantly with its neighbor, yet each viscus can be characterized by a field of peak innervation density. Craniocaudal innervation of the esophagus spans as many as 22-23 paired spinal ganglia (C1-L2). There are two peak innervation fields for the cervical (C2-C6 and T2-T4) and for the thoracic (T2-T4 and T8-T12) sectors of the esophagus. The sensory innervation of the stomach extends craniocaudally over as many as 25 paired spinal ganglia (C2-L5). The peak innervation field of the stomach spans a large area comprising the cranial, middle, and the immediately adjoining caudal thoracic ganglia (T2-T10). The duodenum is innervated craniocaudally by as many as 15 paired thoracolumbar ganglia (T2-L3). Peak innervation originates in the middle and caudal thoracic ganglia and cranial lumbar (T6-L1) ganglia. There is a recognizable viscerotopic organization in the sensory innervation of the postpharyngeal foregut; successively more caudal sectors of this region of the alimentary canal are supplied with sensory fibers from successively more caudal spinal dorsal root ganglia. Vagal afferent innervation of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum is bilateral and originates predominantly, but not exclusively, from vast numbers of neurons in the nodose (distal) ganglia. The esophagus is innervated bilaterally and more abundantly by jugular (proximal) ganglia neurons than is either the stomach or duodenum. The physiological significance of the findings are discussed in relation to the phenomena of visceral pain and referred pain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensory innervation of the canine esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

Khurana

Petras

1991

Am. J. Anat.

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“…Therefore, their potent stimulus might be the strong stretching and distension which occur in special circumstances such as vomiting. Although the vagal nerves do not supply the serous membrane of the digestive tract in general (see McSwinney & Suffolk, 1938;Mei, 1970b), it is demonstrated here that a few serosal vagal mechanoreceptors are scattered in the lower oesophageal sphincter.…”

Section: Serowal Mechanoreceptorsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Vagal mechanoreceptors located in the lower oesophageal sphincter of the cat.

Clerc¹,

Mei²

1983

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. In anaesthetized cats, sixty-two vagal sensory units with afferent endings in the lower oesophageal sphincter were recorded by means of extracellular glass micro-electrodes implanted in the nodose ganglion.2. All the receptors had non-medullated fibres, with conduction velocities ranging from 0O8 to 1-2 m/s. From the direct stimulation of the lower oesophageal sphincter, three types of mechanoreceptors were identified. 3. Thirty-one were activated by natural stimuli: tonic contraction of the sphincter and distension elicited by the passage of a bolus. Artificial stimulation effected by digital compression was also effective. These receptors were similar to muscular endings already described in the-digestive tract. Their main characteristic, i.e. their slow adaptation, suggests that they act as sensors of sphincter opening and closure. This was corroborated by observations obtained during distension of the cervical or thoracic oesophagus; a maximum decrease occurred in the lower oesophageal sphincter mechanoreceptor discharge when the distension was produced between 9 and 12 cm from the lower oesophageal sphincter.4. Twenty-nine endings were found in the superficial layers mucosaee). Contrary to the muscular receptors, the mucosal receptors were not affected by normal contractions or distensions of the lower oesophageal sphincter. They were activated only by strong stimuli like digital compression or distension achieved with a balloon. In addition, mucosal stroking was a potent stimulus. Whatever the stimulus used, the mucosal receptors showed rather rapidly adapting discharges. These receptors should be considered to be sensors of bolus consistency.5. Two mechanoreceptors, located in the serous membrane ofthe lower oesophageal sphincter, were identified by touching or by stretching. Their discharges showed that they belonged to the rapidly adapting type.6. A comparison of the three types of receptors found in the lower oesophageal sphincter is made with known digestive endings and their possible role is discussed.

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“…The author then concluded that the distribution of afferents which mediate radiation-induced emesis is not restricted to two or three segments of the spinal cord but covers a segmental field that overlaps the splanchnic outflow. This is in accord with the varying and considerable superimposition of viscerotomes associated with parts of the stomach and upper intestine in the cat (McSwiney and Suffolk, 1938;Downman and Evans, 1957;Hazarika et al,1964). It must be appreciated that prevention of radiation-induced vomiting by a regional neurotomy aimed at an unknown abdominal target of unknown size and performed in a small number of cats could well result from an incomplete denervation though sufficient to block the response.…”

Section: Effects Of the Neurosurlical Interventions On Radioemeticmentioning

confidence: 53%

Emetic Mechanism in Acute Radiation Sickness

Borison¹

1987

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Segmental distribution of certain visceral afferent neurones of the pupillo‐dilator reflex in the cat

Cited by 24 publications

References 4 publications

Sensory innervation of the canine esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

Sensory innervation of the canine esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

Vagal mechanoreceptors located in the lower oesophageal sphincter of the cat.

Emetic Mechanism in Acute Radiation Sickness

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