Segmental diversification of an identified leech neuron correlates with the segmental domain in which it expresseslox2, a member of the hox gene family

Березовский, В. К.; Shankland, Marty

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4695(199603)29:3<319::aid-neu4>3.0.co;2-c

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Immunocytochemistry was performed as described in Berezovskii and Shankland (1995). The tissues were incubated overnight in LZF2 affinity-purified antibody diluted 1:70, washed, and incubated for 2-4 h in secondary antibody conjugated to HRP.…”

Section: Leech Immunostainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The leech hunchback protein is expressed in the epithelium and CNS but not in the segmental precursor lineages

2000

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We are interested in identifying the regulatory genes involved in segmental pattern formation in annelids. The Drosophila segmentation gene hunchback (hb) is critical for the proper anteroposterior development of the fly embryo, but its function outside the diptera is currently unknown. Here, the protein expression pattern of Leech Zinc Finger II (LZF2), a leech orthologue of hb is characterized. In early embryogenesis, LZF2 protein is expressed in a subset of micromeres and is later expressed in the micromere-derived epithelium of the provisional epithelium and prostomium. LZF2 protein is detected in the ventral nerve cord during organogenesis, first in interganglionic muscle cells and later in subsets of neurons in each neuromere of the CNS. The location of immunoreactive cells during development and the similarity of the expression pattern of LZF2 to the expression of the Caenhorhabditis elegans hb homologue hbl-1 suggests that LZF2 plays a role in the morphogenetic movements of leech gastrulation and later in CNS specification but not in anteroposterior pattern formation.

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Section: Leech Immunostainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The leech hunchback protein is expressed in the epithelium and CNS but not in the segmental precursor lineages

2000

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“…Among the candidates is the conserved Hox code that is often implied in bilaterian anteroposterior (AP) regionalization (Carroll, ; De Robertis, ). Expression patterns of selected Hox genes were available in the leech Helobdella (Berezovskii & Shankland, ; Kourakis & Martindale, ; Kourakis et al., ; Nardelli‐Haefliger & Shankland, ) and in Hirudo (Aisemberg & Macagno, ; Aisemberg, Wysocka‐Diller, Wong, & Macagno, ; Wong, Aisemberg, Gan, & Macagno, ; Wong & Macagno, ; Wysocka‐Diller, Aisemberg, Baumgarten, Levine, & Macagno, ; Wysocka‐Diller, Aisemberg, & Macagno, ), and their expression patterns are consistent with a segment‐specific role. However, among these reported cases, these Hox genes are predominately expressed in a small number of cells in the nervous system and at the time when cell differentiation takes place.…”

Section: Developmental Evolution Of the Leech Body Planmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the origin of leeches by evolution of development

Kuo

Lai

2018

Dev Growth Differ

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Leeches are a unique group of annelids arising from an ancestor that would be characterized as a freshwater oligochaete worm. Comparative biology of the oligochaetes and the leeches reveals that body plan changes in the oligochaete‐to‐leech transition probably occurred by addition or modification of the terminal steps in embryonic development and that they were likely driven by a change in the feeding behavior in the ancestor of leeches. In this review article, developmental changes that are associated with the evolution of several leech‐specific traits are discussed. These include (1) the evolution of suckers, (2) the loss of chaetae, (3) the loss of septa, and (4) a fixed number of segments. An altered developmental fate of the teloblast is further proposed to be a key factor contributing to the fixation of the segment number, and the evolutionary change in teloblast development may also account for the loss of the ability to regenerate the lost body segments in the leech.

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“…Expression of each either terminates or is down-regulated at the boundary with the caudal ganglion, a major morphological transition in the CNS (Nardelli-Haefliger and Shankland, 1992;Wong et al, 1995). On a cellular level, boundaries in the differentiation of the MPS neurons in the CNS correlate precisely with the boundaries of Helobdella-Lox2 expression (Berezovskii and Shankland, 1996).…”

Section: Hox Gene Expression In Other Annelidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Hox Gene Expression in the PolychaeteChaetopterus: Implications for the Evolution of Body Plan Regionalization1

Irvine

Martindale

2001

American Zoologist

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SYNOPSIS. The Hox genes are widely regarded as candidates for involvement in major evolutionary changes in body plan organization. We examine Hox gene expression data for several taxa, in relation to recent work on the polychaete annelid Chaetopterus. The work in Chaetopterus shows the basic conservation of colinearity of anterior expression boundaries seen in other groups. It also reveals novel patterns including early expression in the larval growth zone and later formation of posterior boundaries that correlate with morphological transitions in the polychaete body plan. The polychaete gene expression pattern is compared with those of Hox gene homologs in other taxa to reveal differences that represent evolutionary changes in Hox gene regulation between lineages. Correlations between Hox gene expression differences and morphological differences are examined, focussing on a number of cases in which posterior Hox gene expression boundaries correlate with morphological transitions. Differential regulation of these posterior expression boundaries is proposed as a possible mechanism for changes body plan regionalization.

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Segmental diversification of an identified leech neuron correlates with the segmental domain in which it expresseslox2, a member of the hox gene family

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

The leech hunchback protein is expressed in the epithelium and CNS but not in the segmental precursor lineages

The leech hunchback protein is expressed in the epithelium and CNS but not in the segmental precursor lineages

On the origin of leeches by evolution of development

Comparative Analysis of Hox Gene Expression in the PolychaeteChaetopterus: Implications for the Evolution of Body Plan Regionalization1

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