Segmentation of the 2010 Maule Chile earthquake rupture from a joint analysis of uplifted marine terraces and seismic-cycle deformation patterns

Jara‐Muñoz, Julius; Melnick, Daniel; Brill, Dominik; Strecker, Manfred R.

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.01.005

Cited by 59 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…We measured the elevation of the paleoshoreline angle and/or inner edge of coral platforms from the tide level at the time of survey, then corrected for mean sea level at the nearest tide gauge station (i.e., Currimao). We use 'inner edge' when the shoreline angle (i.e., junction between the cliff and abrasion platform) is obscured by overlying colluvium or beach deposits [e.g., (Jara-Muñoz et al 2015)]. The elevations of terrace surfaces and their associated inner edge, or shoreline angle when observed, are reported in meters above mean sea level (m amsl).…”

Section: Field Surveys and Interpretation Of Remote Sensing Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of 1 ka-old corals on an uplifted reef terrace in west Luzon, Philippines: Implications for a prehistoric extreme wave event in the South China Sea region

et al. 2017

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Recent 230Th dating of fossil corals in west Luzon has provided new insights on the emergence of late Quaternary marine terraces that fringe west Luzon Island facing the Manila Trench. Apart from regional sea level changes, accumulated uplift from aseismic and seismic processes may have influenced the emergence of sea level indicators such as coral terraces and notches. Varied elevations of middle-to-late Holocene coral terraces along the west Luzon coasts reveal the differential uplift that is probably associated with the movement of local onland faults or upper-plate structures across the Manila Trench forearc basin. In Badoc Island, offshore west of Luzon mainland, we found notably young fossil corals, dated at 945.1 ± 4.6 years BP and 903.1 ± 3.9 years BP, on top of a ~5-m-high reef platform. To constrain the mechanism of emergence or emplacement of these fossil corals, we use field geomorphic data and wave inundation models to constrain an extreme wave event that affected west Luzon about 1000 years ago. Our preliminary tectonic and tsunami models show that a megathrust rupture will likely lead to subsidence of a large part of the west Luzon coast, while permanent coastal uplift is attributed to an offshore upper-plate rupture in the northern Manila Trench forearc region. The modeled source fault ruptures and tsunami lead to a maximum wave height of more than 3 m and inundation distance as far as 2 km along the coasts of western and northern Luzon. While emplacement of coral boulders by an unusually strong typhoon is also likely, modeled storm surge heights along west Luzon do not exceed 2 m even with Typhoon Haiyan characteristics. Whether tsunami or unusually strong typhoon, the occurrence of a prehistoric extreme wave event in west Luzon remains an important issue in future studies of coastal hazards in the South China Sea region.

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Section: Field Surveys and Interpretation Of Remote Sensing Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of 1 ka-old corals on an uplifted reef terrace in west Luzon, Philippines: Implications for a prehistoric extreme wave event in the South China Sea region

et al. 2017

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“…The Arauco Bay area comprises the Arauco Bay (AB) and the Santa María Island (SMI), bounded to the south by the Arauco Peninsula and by the Bio‐Bio Canyon and the Hualpén and Tumbes peninsulas to the north (Figure ). The Arauco Peninsula and the adjacent Nahuelbuta ranges (Figure a) are rapidly uplifting areas (>1 mm/yr) associated with the growth of a large‐scale antiform bounded by crustal reverse faults (Figure a) [ Kaizuka et al , ; Melnick et al , , ; Jara‐Muñoz et al , ].…”

Section: Seismotectonic and Geomorphic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying offshore fore‐arc deformation and splay‐fault slip using drowned Pleistocene shorelines, Arauco Bay, Chile

et al. 2017

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Most of the deformation associated with the seismic cycle in subduction zones occurs offshore and has been therefore difficult to quantify with direct observations at millennial timescales. Here we study millennial deformation associated with an active splay‐fault system in the Arauco Bay area off south central Chile. We describe hitherto unrecognized drowned shorelines using high‐resolution multibeam bathymetry, geomorphic, sedimentologic, and paleontologic observations and quantify uplift rates using a Landscape Evolution Model. Along a margin‐normal profile, uplift rates are 1.3 m/ka near the edge of the continental shelf, 1.5 m/ka at the emerged Santa María Island, −0.1 m/ka at the center of the Arauco Bay, and 0.3 m/ka in the mainland. The bathymetry images a complex pattern of folds and faults representing the surface expression of the crustal‐scale Santa María splay‐fault system. We modeled surface deformation using two different structural scenarios: deep‐reaching normal faults and deep‐reaching reverse faults with shallow extensional structures. Our preferred model comprises a blind reverse fault extending from 3 km depth down to the plate interface at 16 km that slips at a rate between 3.0 and 3.7 m/ka. If all the splay‐fault slip occurs during every great megathrust earthquake, with a recurrence of ~150–200 years, the fault would slip ~0.5 m per event, equivalent to a magnitude ~6.4 earthquake. However, if the splay‐fault slips only with a megathrust earthquake every ~1000 years, the fault would slip ~3.7 m per event, equivalent to a magnitude ~7.5 earthquake.

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“…1B; e.g., Lomnitz, 2004). Several patterns of seismotectonic segmentation along the Chile margin have been put forward based on the extent of the rupture zones of historic earthquakes, the degree of modern interseismic plate locking inverted from Global Positioning System (GPS) velocities, and Quaternary deformation patterns of the forearc, (e.g., Rehak et al, 2008;Jara et al, 2015;Melnick et al, 2009;Moreno et al, 2011Moreno et al, , 2012M etois et al, 2012). Segmentation is manifested by the Valdivia segment to the south (rupture zone of the 1960 event (Mw 9.5)), the Concepci on segment in Central Chile (rupture zone of the 2010 Maule event (Mw 8.8)) and the Valparaíso or Metropolitan segment to the north (rupture zone of the 1730 event) (Fig.…”

Section: Seismicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Segmentation is manifested by the Valdivia segment to the south (rupture zone of the 1960 event (Mw 9.5)), the Concepci on segment in Central Chile (rupture zone of the 2010 Maule event (Mw 8.8)) and the Valparaíso or Metropolitan segment to the north (rupture zone of the 1730 event) (Fig. 1B;Jara et al, 2015;Melnick et al, 2009;Farías et al, 2010;M etois et al, 2012). Postulated recurrence intervals differ between these segments and on the timescale and type of investigated archives, which are influenced by their magnitude threshold for recording a seismic event.…”

Section: Seismicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbidite paleoseismology along the active continental margin of Chile – Feasible or not?

Bernhardt

Melnick

Hebbeln

et al. 2015

Quaternary Science Reviews

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Segmentation of the 2010 Maule Chile earthquake rupture from a joint analysis of uplifted marine terraces and seismic-cycle deformation patterns

Cited by 59 publications

References 115 publications

Occurrence of 1 ka-old corals on an uplifted reef terrace in west Luzon, Philippines: Implications for a prehistoric extreme wave event in the South China Sea region

Occurrence of 1 ka-old corals on an uplifted reef terrace in west Luzon, Philippines: Implications for a prehistoric extreme wave event in the South China Sea region

Quantifying offshore fore‐arc deformation and splay‐fault slip using drowned Pleistocene shorelines, Arauco Bay, Chile

Turbidite paleoseismology along the active continental margin of Chile – Feasible or not?

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