Segmented Microfluidic Flow Reactors for Nanomaterial Synthesis

He, Yujuan; Kim, Ki-Joong; Chang, Chia‐Chin

doi:10.3390/nano10071421

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 115 publications

(175 reference statements)

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“…flow cell diameter, or oscillatory flow), 44,45 ultra-sonication, 46 or simply a vertical flow cell assembly. Another alternative is multiphase flow such as gas-liquid, 47 or liquid-liquid segmented flow as commonly used for nanomaterial synthesis 48,49 (and especially the high-throughput screening platforms) including IONPs. [50][51][52][53] As neither air, other gases or the solvents for liquid-liquid segmented flow are magnetic, they would not interfere with the magnetometer measurements.…”

Section: Co-precipitation With Sodium Hydroxide In Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an in-line magnetometer for flow chemistry and its demonstration for magnetic nanoparticle synthesis

et al. 2021

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Section: Co-precipitation With Sodium Hydroxide In Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an in-line magnetometer for flow chemistry and its demonstration for magnetic nanoparticle synthesis

et al. 2021

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“…However, the yield performance of the SB micromixer is likely to be compromised by the presence of large dead zones along the microchannels (Figure 6), which may lead to uncontrolled nucleation and growth processes. This, in turn, might be detrimental to maintaining homogeneous particle size distribution, and uniform morphologies and crystalline structures [75]. This poor mixing behavior has been previously observed in microfluidic devices that incorporate channel geometries such as sinusoidal, T-shaped, and squared.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

CFD Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment of Continuous Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles Using 2D and 3D Micromixers

et al. 2022

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Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) have attracted basic and applied research due to their immense potential to enable applications in fields as varied as drug delivery and bioremediation. Conventional synthesis schemes led to wide particle size distributions and inhomogeneous morphologies and crystalline structures. This has been attributed to the inability to control nucleation and growth processes under the conventional conditions of bulk batch processes. Here, we attempted to address these issues by scaling down the synthesis process aided by microfluidic devices, as they provide highly controlled and stable mixing patterns. Accordingly, we proposed three micromixers with different channel configurations, namely, serpentine, triangular, and a 3D arrangement with abrupt changes in fluid direction. The micromixers were first studied in silico, aided by Comsol Multiphysics® to investigate the obtained mixing patterns, and consequently, their potential for controlled growth and the nucleation processes required to form MNPs of uniform size and crystalline structure. The devices were then manufactured using a low-cost approach based on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and laser cutting. Testing the micromixers in the synthesis of MNPs revealed homogeneous morphologies and particle size distributions, and the typical crystalline structure reported previously. A life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis for the devices was conducted in comparison with conventional batch co-precipitation synthesis to investigate the potential impacts on water and energy consumption. The obtained results revealed that such consumptions are higher than those of the conventional process. However, they can be reduced by conducting the synthesis with reused micromixers, as new PMMA is not needed for their assembly prior to operation. We are certain that the proposed approach represents an advantageous alternative to co-precipitation synthesis schemes, in terms of continuous production and more homogeneous physicochemical parameters of interest such as size, morphologies, and crystalline structure. Future work should be directed towards improving the sustainability indicators of the micromixers’ manufacturing process.

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“…The reason for creating bubbles between continuously flowing fluids that restrict the fluid from reacting is the presence of surface tension between the gas and liquid phases. [48][49][50] In order to control the range of the particle size distribution to be narrow, segmented flow methods are often employed in the synthesis of Au nanoparticles. In the microreactor for synthesizing Au nanoparticles, the HAuCl 4 chemical reagent of NaBH 4 is usually employed for the rapid generation of Au nuclei by the reduction reaction, followed by the growth of Au nuclei by agglomeration, and the growth of Au nuclei has an interactive connection with the fluid flow in the microchannel.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Nanoparticles By Microfluidic Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%