“…Numerous experimental studies in the literature have focused on solids segregation in gas-fluidized beds. , Some investigators have investigated gas–solid fluid-bed systems where particles have equal sizes but different densities, , while others have examined fluid-bed systems with particles of equal density but varying sizes. ,− Moreover, several studies have explored the effects of both particle size and density. , In a study conducted by Padhi et al, they examined the hydrodynamic characteristics of a gas–liquid–solid tapered fluidized bed containing a ternary solid mixture of regular particles. The study analyzed the influence of operating and design parameters, such as the apex angle, initial static bed height, average particle size, and gas velocity.…”