SEI film formation on highly crystalline graphitic materials in lithium-ion batteries

Buqa, Hilmi; Würsig, Andreas; Vetter, Jens; Spahr, Michael E.; Krumeich, Frank; Novák, Petr

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.05.036

Cited by 185 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In order to alleviate the negative impact of the P-O species on the surface chemistry of P-doped soft carbon, vinylene carbonate (VC), which has been widely used as an additive for forming a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), was introduced. [21][22][23][24][25][26] Indeed, the discharge capacity retention of Pdoped soft carbon was drastically improved at 60 o C, as shown in Figure 9. This is likely because VC modified the soft carbon electrode/electrolyte interface and suppressed the reductive decomposition of the P-O species formed on the soft carbon electrode by P-doping.…”

Section: 11mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Phosphorous-doping on Electrochemical Performance and Surface Chemistry of Soft Carbon Electrodes

Kim¹,

Yeon²,

Hong³

et al. 2013

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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The impact of phosphorous (P)-doping on the electrochemical performance and surface chemistry of soft carbon is investigated by means of galvanostatic cycling and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). P-doping plays an important role in storing more Li ions and discernibly improves reversible capacity. However, the discharge capacity retention of P-doped soft carbon electrodes deteriorated at 60 o C compared to non-doped soft carbon. This poor capacity retention could be improved by vinylene carbonate (VC) participating in forming a protective interfacial chemistry on soft carbon. In addition, the effect of P-doping on exothermic thermal reactions of lithiated soft carbon with electrolyte solution is discussed on the basis of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results.

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Section: 11mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Phosphorous-doping on Electrochemical Performance and Surface Chemistry of Soft Carbon Electrodes

Kim¹,

Yeon²,

Hong³

et al. 2013

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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“…[9][10][11] The degradation occurs during both calendar and cycling lifespans, and reduces the longevity of LIBs. Recently, much attention has been focused on LIB material decomposition, 12 e.g., the formation and growth of new components [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] due to undesired side reactions. 1,20 The main degradation mechanisms in LIBs vary with different active materials, 2 however, it is well known that a carbonaceous lithium-intercalation electrode in contact with electrolyte solution becomes covered by a passivation layer called a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[27][28][29][30] Many researchers have investigated SEI in LIBs in terms of structure, 7,8,29,[31][32][33] formation and composition, 20,22,27 and thickness growth prediction and measurement. 15,16,34,35 SEI is believed to have a multilayered structure: a compact layer of inorganic components (e.g., LiF, Li 2 O) close to graphite electrode followed by a porous organic layer (e.g., ROLi, ROCO 2 Li) close to the electrolyte solution phase. 22,29,[31][32][33] The composition of SEI depends on the electrode materials and electrolyte composition.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and Experiment on Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) Morphology Evolution and Lithium-Ion Diffusion

Guan

Liu

Lin

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

160

118

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In this study, a phase-field model is developed to simulate the microstructure morphology evolution that occurs during solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth. Compared with other simulation methodologies, the phase-field method has been widely applied in the solidification modeling that has great relevance to SEI formation. The developed model can simulate SEI structure and morphology evolution, and can predict SEI thickness growth rate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments are performed to confirm the major SEI species as LiF, Li 2 O, ROLi, and ROCO 2 Li. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiment is performed to present the SEI layer structures. The experiments reduce the complexity of the model development and provide validation to some extent. Fick's law and mass balance are applied to investigate lithium-ion concentration distributions and diffusion coefficients in different types of SEI layers predicted by the phase-field simulations. Simulation results show that lithium-ion diffusion coefficients between 298 K and 318 K are 1. 340-7.328 Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in many applications, such as cell phones, electric vehicles (EVs), and other energy storage modules. However, LIBs suffer from severe performance degradation due to undesired chemical reactions, 1 ageing, 2,3 corrosion, 4-6 compromised structural integrity, 7,8 and thermal runaway. 9-11 The degradation occurs during both calendar and cycling lifespans, and reduces the longevity of LIBs. Recently, much attention has been focused on LIB material decomposition, 12 e.g., the formation and growth of new components [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] due to undesired side reactions. 1,20 The main degradation mechanisms in LIBs vary with different active materials, 2 however, it is well known that a carbonaceous lithium-intercalation electrode in contact with electrolyte solution becomes covered by a passivation layer called a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). While SEI can prevent the exfoliation of graphite materials and inhibit further electrolyte decomposition.21 SEI layer growth can also cause battery capacity fade and increase cell internal resistance. 17,[22][23][24][25][26] Therefore, the study of SEI plays a key role in battery degradation and other related performance improvement research. Many studies have been published in SEI computational and experimental studies, including but not limited to. [27][28][29][30] Many researchers have investigated SEI in LIBs in terms of structure, 7,8,29,31-33 formation and composition, 20,22,27 and thickness growth prediction and measurement. 15,16,34,35 SEI is believed to have a multilayered structure: a compact layer of inorganic components (e.g., LiF, Li 2 O) close to graphite electrode followed by a porous organic layer (e.g., ROLi, ROCO 2 Li) close to the electrolyte solution phase. 22,29,[31][32][33] The composition of SEI depends on the electrode materials and electrolyte composition.27 Broussely et al. investigated the mechanism of lithium loss in LIBs during ...

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“…However, current LIB active materials (graphite, lithium/transition metal spinel or layered oxides, olivine structures) can store only limited energy since they rely on insertion storage based on solid-state host-guest interactions. Moreover, performances and durability of the cells are strongly infl uenced by the characteristics of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), [1][2][3] which is formed upon the electrodes, especially for graphite, during the fi rst charge/ discharge cycle. This process is diffi cult to study and control.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

SEI Growth and Depth Profiling on ZFO Electrodes by Soft X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Cicco

Giglia

Gunnella

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

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found to be able to exchange Li + and e -both by conversion and alloying processes. As a consequence Fe, LiZn, Li 2 O are formed upon lithiation, which are fi nely dispersed into a carbonaceous matrix, [ 7 ] according to a reversible reaction involving nine lithium ions per formula unit of ZFO and resulting in a capacity of ≈1000 mAh g −1 . [ 7 ] While the lithiation kinetics have already been probed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, [ 5,7 ] very little is known about the evolution of passivation layer properties on ZFO-C.The aim of this work is to study the evolution of the SEI in this innovative anode material at selected charging steps by exploiting the surface sensitivity [10][11][12] of the soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). This technique requires synchrotron radiation and was never used before for such a purpose, although it appears to be very suitable for a detailed depth profi ling of the SEI of advanced electrodes. In fact, XAS experiments in the 50-1000 eV photon energy range can be typically performed using both total electron (TEY) and total fl uorescence (TFY) yield techniques for which effective probing depths are around 2-10 nm and 70-200 nm, respectively. In this study, ex situ TEY and TFY X-ray absorption experiments have been conceived and realized to study the modifi cation of the signals related to the various atomic species in ZFO-C electrodes selected at different states of charge during the fi rst Li insertion process. XAS measurements have been preceded and corroborated by a complete electrochemical characterization including galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and EIS, with the aim of correlating each XAS experiment with half-cell open-circuit potential (OCV) and charge, and to crosscheck the SEI evolution with the polarization of the electrodes.The samples for the experiments were prepared using carbon-coated ZFO nanoparticles (ZFO-C), obtained [ 7 ] by dispersing 1 g of ZFO powder (<100 nm, Aldrich Chemistry) in 1.5 mL of an aqueous carbon precursor solution of sucrose (Acros Organics), followed by an annealing step under inert gas atmosphere. The weight ratio was 1:0.75 for ZFO:Suc. The obtained dispersion was homogenized by means of a planetary ball mill (Vario-Planetary Mill Pulverisette 4, FRITSCH, 2× 45 min at 400/−800 rpm with 10 min rest in between). Subsequently, the dispersion was dried at 70 °C under ambient atmosphere. After grinding, the resulting composite powder was annealed in a tubular furnace (R50/250/12, Nabertherm) at 450 °C for 4 h under a constant argon gas stream. The heating rate was set to 3 °C min −1 . The material was investigated by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) revealing that it is formed by nanoparticles of average linear dimensions of about 50 nm, with formation of some ZnFe 2 O 4 Li-ion batteries (LIBs) represent a reliable, affordable, and safe energy storage technology for use in portable application. However, current LIB active ...

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SEI film formation on highly crystalline graphitic materials in lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 185 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of Phosphorous-doping on Electrochemical Performance and Surface Chemistry of Soft Carbon Electrodes

Effects of Phosphorous-doping on Electrochemical Performance and Surface Chemistry of Soft Carbon Electrodes

Simulation and Experiment on Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) Morphology Evolution and Lithium-Ion Diffusion

SEI Growth and Depth Profiling on ZFO Electrodes by Soft X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy

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